[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v5.0 最后修改：.05.06 转载请注明原文链接：/nginx_php_v5/]
前言：本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）”Web服务器的第5篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一，为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。这是一篇关于Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章，安装、配置方式与第4篇文章相差不大，但增加了MySQL安装配置的信息、PHP 5.2.9 的 php-fpm 补丁（非官方）。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本虽然为开发版，但在很多大型网站的生产环境中已经使用。
链接：《9月的第1版》、《12月的第2版》、《6月的第3版》、《8月的第4版》
Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻等门户网站频道，六间房、等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛，豆瓣、YUPOO相册、海内SNS、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。
Nginx 的官方中文维基：/NginxChs
在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx 0.7.54 + PHP 5.2.9 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。
根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。
而这台 Nginx 0.7.54 + PHP 5.2.9 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存（20M*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。
在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.7.54 + PHP 5.2.9 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明）：
我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“ 700次请求/秒”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（ 更多信息见此），而服务器的系统负载也不高：
安装步骤：
（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）
一、获取相关开源程序：
1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索网站
/
/
④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：
Ⅰ、i386 系统
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
Ⅱ、x86_64 系统
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：
本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到05月05日的最新稳定版。
①、从软件的官方网站下载：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.54.tar.gz
wget /get/php-5.2.9.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
wget /get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz/from//
wget /pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget "/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget /get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
wget /source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget /get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget /get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
②、从下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.7.54.tar.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.9.tar.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
二、安装PHP 5.2.9（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP 5.2.9所需的支持库： tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.34
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.34/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql
③、创建f配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/f
输入以下内容：
引用 [client]
default-character-set = utf8
port= 3306
socket= /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt="(/u::)[/d]> "
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
#default-character-set = utf8
user= mysql
port= 3306
socket= /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
open_files_limit= 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
skip-name-resolve
master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：
view plain copy to clipboard print ?#!/bin/shmysql_port=3306 mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="12345678"function_start_mysql() { printf"StartingMySQL.../n"/bin/sh/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/f2>&1>/dev/null& } function_stop_mysql() { printf"StopingMySQL.../n"/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-u${mysql_username}-p${mysql_password}-S/tmp/mysql.sockshutdown } function_restart_mysql() { printf"RestartingMySQL.../n"function_stop_mysql sleep5 function_start_mysql } function_kill_mysql() { kill-9$(ps-ef|grep'bin/mysqld_safe'|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}') kill-9$(ps-ef|grep'libexec/mysqld'|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}') }if["$1"="start"];then function_start_mysql elif["$1"="stop"];then function_stop_mysql elif["$1"="restart"];then function_restart_mysql elif["$1"="kill"];then function_kill_mysqlelseprintf"Usage:/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql{start|stop|restart|kill}/n"fi
#!/bin/shmysql_port=3306mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="12345678"function_start_mysql(){printf "Starting MySQL.../n"/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/f 2>&1 > /dev/null &}function_stop_mysql(){printf "Stoping MySQL.../n"/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf "Restarting MySQL.../n"function_stop_mysqlsleep 5function_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')}if [ "$1" = "start" ]; thenfunction_start_mysqlelif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; thenfunction_stop_mysqlelif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; thenfunction_restart_mysqlelif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; thenfunction_kill_mysqlelseprintf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}/n"fi
⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
⑥、启动MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.9 -p1
cd php-5.2.9/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-0613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-0613/"/nextension = "memcache.so"/nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"/nextension = "imagick.so"/n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用 [eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-0613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
press="1"
press_level="9"
修改配置文件：
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
输入以下内容：
引用 kernel.shmmax = 134217728
然后执行以下命令使配置生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
7、创建www用户和组，以及供和两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
view plain copy to clipboard print ?<?xmlversion="1.0"?><configuration>Allrelativepathsinthisconfigarerelativetophp'sinstallprefix<sectionname="global_options">Pidfile<valuename="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>Errorlogfile<valuename="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>Loglevel<valuename="log_level">notice</value>WhenthisamountofphpprocessesexitedwithSIGSEGVorSIGBUS...<valuename="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>...inalessthanthisintervaloftime,agracefulrestartwillbeinitiated. Usefultoworkaroundaccidentalcurruptionsinaccelerator'ssharedmemory.<valuename="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>Timelimitonwaitingchild'sreactiononsignalsfrommaster<valuename="process_control_timeout">5s</value>Setto'no'todebugfpm<valuename="daemonize">yes</value></section><workers><sectionname="pool">Nameofpool.Usedinlogsandstats.<valuename="name">default</value>Addresstoacceptfastcgirequestson. Validsyntaxis'ip.ad.re.ss:port'orjust'port'or'/path/to/unix/socket'<valuename="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value><valuename="listen_options">Setlisten(2)backlog<valuename="backlog">-1</value>Setpermissionsforunixsocket,ifoneused. InLinuxread/writepermissionsmustbesetinordertoallowconnectionsfromwebserver. ManyBSD-derrivedsystemsallowconnectionsregardlessofpermissions.<valuename="owner"></value><valuename="group"></value><valuename="mode">0666</value></value>Additionalphp.inidefines,specifictothispoolofworkers.<valuename="php_defines"><valuename="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail-t-i</value><valuename="display_errors">1</value></value>Unixuserofprocesses<valuename="user">www</value>Unixgroupofprocesses<valuename="group">www</value>Processmanagersettings<valuename="pm">Setsstyleofcontrolingworkerprocesscount. Validvaluesare'static'and'apache-like'<valuename="style">static</value>Setsthelimitonthenumberofsimultaneousrequeststhatwillbeserved. EquivalenttoApacheMaxClientsdirective. EquivalenttoPHP_FCGI_CHILDRENenvironmentinoriginalphp.fcgi Usedwithanypm_style.<valuename="max_children">128</value>Settingsgroupfor'apache-like'pmstyle<valuename="apache_like">Setsthenumberofserverprocessescreatedonstartup. Usedonlywhen'apache-like'pm_styleisselected<valuename="StartServers">20</value>Setsthedesiredminimumnumberofidleserverprocesses. Usedonlywhen'apache-like'pm_styleisselected<valuename="MinSpareServers">5</value>Setsthedesiredmaximumnumberofidleserverprocesses. Usedonlywhen'apache-like'pm_styleisselected<valuename="MaxSpareServers">35</value></value></value>Thetimeout(inseconds)forservingasinglerequestafterwhichtheworkerprocesswillbeterminated Shouldbeusedwhen'max_execution_time'inioptiondoesnotstopscriptexecutionforsomereason '0s'means'off'<valuename="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>Thetimeout(inseconds)forservingofsinglerequestafterwhichaphpbacktracewillbedumpedtoslow.logfile '0s'means'off'<valuename="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>Thelogfileforslowrequests<valuename="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>Setopenfiledescrlimit<valuename="rlimit_files">51200</value>Setmaxcoresizerlimit<valuename="rlimit_core">0</value>Chroottothisdirectoryatthestart,absolutepath<valuename="chroot"></value>Chdirtothisdirectoryatthestart,absolutepath<valuename="chdir"></value>Redirectworkers'stdoutandstderrintomainerrorlog. Ifnotset,theywillberedirectedto/dev/null,accordingtoFastCGIspecs<valuename="catch_workers_output">yes</value>Howmuchrequestseachprocessshouldexecutebeforerespawn. Usefultoworkaroundmemoryleaksin3rdpartylibraries. Forendlessrequestprocessingpleasespecify0 EquivalenttoPHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS<valuename="max_requests">500</value>Commaseparatedlistofipv4addressesofFastCGIclientsthatallowedtoconnect. EquivalenttoFCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRSenvironmentinoriginalphp.fcgi(5.2.2+) MakessenseonlywithAF_INETlisteningsocket.<valuename="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>PassenvironmentvariableslikeLD_LIBRARY_PATH All$VARIABLEsaretakenfromcurrentenvironment<valuename="environment"><valuename="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value><valuename="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value><valuename="TMP">/tmp</value><valuename="TMPDIR">/tmp</value><valuename="TEMP">/tmp</value><valuename="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value><valuename="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value><valuename="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value></value></section></workers></configuration>
<?xml version="1.0" ?><configuration>All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix<section name="global_options">Pid file<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>Error log file<value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>Log level<value name="log_level">notice</value>When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>Set to 'no' to debug fpm<value name="daemonize">yes</value></section><workers><section name="pool">Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.<value name="name">default</value>Address to accept fastcgi requests on.Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value><value name="listen_options">Set listen(2) backlog<value name="backlog">-1</value>Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.<value name="owner"></value><value name="group"></value><value name="mode">0666</value></value>Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.<value name="php_defines"><value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value><value name="display_errors">1</value></value>Unix user of processes<value name="user">www</value>Unix group of processes<value name="group">www</value>Process manager settings<value name="pm">Sets style of controling worker process count.Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'<value name="style">static</value>Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgiUsed with any pm_style.<value name="max_children">128</value>Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style<value name="apache_like">Sets the number of server processes created on startup.Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected<value name="StartServers">20</value>Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value></value></value>The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminatedShould be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason'0s' means 'off'<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file'0s' means 'off'<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>The log file for slow requests<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>Set open file desc rlimit<value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>Set max core size rlimit<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path<value name="chroot"></value>Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path<value name="chdir"></value>Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>How much requests each process should execute before respawn.Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.For endless request processing please specify 0Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS<value name="max_requests">500</value>Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATHAll $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment<value name="environment"><value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value><value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value><value name="TMP">/tmp</value><value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value><value name="TEMP">/tmp</value><value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value><value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value><value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value></value></section></workers></configuration>9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。
三、安装Nginx 0.7.54
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.54.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.54/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容：
引用 userwww www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log/data1/logs/nginx_error.logcrit;
pid/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
#charsetgb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zonecrawler$binary_remote_addr10m;
server
{
listen 80;
;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root/data0/htdocs/blog;
#limit_conn crawler20;
location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires30d;
}
location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$
{
expires1h;
}
log_formataccess'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log/data1/logs/access.logaccess;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name ;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root/data0/htdocs/www;
location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
log_formatwwwlogs'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log/data1/logs/wwwlogs.logwwwlogs;
}
server
{
listen80;
server_namestatus.;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
引用 fastcgi_paramGATEWAY_INTERFACECGI/1.1;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_SOFTWAREnginx;
fastcgi_paramQUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_paramREQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_paramCONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_paramCONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_NAME$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_paramREQUEST_URI$request_uri;
fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_ROOT$document_root;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_PROTOCOL$server_protocol;
fastcgi_paramREMOTE_ADDR$remote_addr;
fastcgi_paramREMOTE_PORT$remote_port;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_ADDR$server_addr;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_PORT$server_port;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_NAME$server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_paramREDIRECT_STATUS200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用 ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 500065000
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
输入以下内容：
引用 #!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
输入以下内容：
引用 00 00 * * * /bin/bash/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文若有小的修改，会第一时间在以下网址发布：
/nginx_php_v5/
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