导语
初中英语词汇辨析主要出现在单项选择或完形填空中,在平常的英语学习中,同学们可能缺少系统的词语辨析训练,所以考试遇到这类考点总是失分。
今天,小编和大家一起分享20组初中常用易混易错词汇辨析,内容涵盖习题检测和详细知识点拨,一定让你过目不忘!快来一起扫清词汇障碍吧!
No. 1 among / between
【习题检测】
选用among或between完成下列句子。
1. The hospital is _______ a cinema and a school.
2. Lily is the tallest _______ ll the girls in her school.
【启发点拨】
(1) among意为“在……之中”,一般用于三者或三者以上,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数或集合意义的名词或代词。
(2) between一般指两者之间,其宾语通常是表示两者概念的名词或代词,或由and连接的两个具体的人或物。between有时也可表示多者之中的“两两之间”。
如:Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy.
Key:
1. between
2. among
No. 2 lay / lie
【习题检测】
用lay或lie的适当形式完成句子。
1. I _______ the table when my mother cooked the meal.
2. John was ill and _______ in bed all morning.
【启发点拨】
(1) lay作动词,可意为“摆放(餐桌)”,其过去式与过去分词均为laid,现在分词为laying,常用于短语lay the table,意为“摆放餐桌”。
如:Tom was laying the table.
(2) lie作动词,意为“躺;平躺”时,过去式为lay,过去分词为lain,现在分词为lying。
如:Tim was lying on the beach.
Key:
1. laid
2. lay
No. 3 sick / ill
【习题检测】
用ill或sick填空。
1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was _______.
2. Let's take these _______ people to hospital and treat them.
3. Mr Green spent a lifetime taking care of the _______.
【启发点拨】
(1) sick意为“生病的”,在句中作表语或定语。指“病人”时,多用the sick。
(2) ill意为“生病的”时,一般只作表语。
【链接】
(1) sick还可以作“恶心的;作呕的”讲。如:As soon as the ship started moving, I began to feel sick.
(2) ill还可以作“坏的;糟糕的”讲,与bad同义,在句中作定语,如:ill health。
Key:
1. ill/sick
2. sick
3. sick
No. 4 die / dead / death
【习题检测】
用die的适当形式完成句子。
1. Yang Jie, the director of Journey to the West, _______ on April 15th, at the age of 88.
2. She has looked after her _______ husband for months.
【启发点拨】
(1) die作动词时,一般为不及物动词。另外,die是短暂性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
(2) dying是die的现在分词,可用作形容词,意为“垂死的;即将死亡的”,常用作定语或表语。
【链接】
(1) dead是形容词,意为“死的;失去生命的”,常与be动词连用,表状态。如:She has been dead for ten years.
(2) death是die的名词形式。如:Everyone was surprised at the news of his death.
(3) die for意为“为……而死”;die of/from …意为“死于……”。
Key:
1. died
2. dying
No. 5 couple / pair
【习题检测】
用couple或pair填空:
1. There is a _______ of shoes, but they don't make a _______.
2. Linda runs a _______ of miles every morning.
【启发点拨】
pair 和couple在数量上都表示“二”,但a pair of和a couple of在用法上有所不同:
(1)a pair of表示“一对;一双;一副”等,后面接的名词一定是配对的东西。
(2)a couple of虽然也有“一对”之意,但是后面接的名词不一定是配对的东西。a couple of还有“几个”之意。如:a couple of months。
(3)另外,两者都可以表示“一对夫妇”。如:a happy pair / couple。
Key:
1. couple; pair
2. couple
No. 6 whole & all
【习题检测】
用whole或all完成句子。
1. Henry was so hungry that he ate _______ the food in the plate.
2. Wendy has worked for a _______ month without a holiday.
3. I still remember the _______ thing as if it happened yesterday.
4. Tina put _______ five boxes of cookies in the fridge.
【启发点拨】
whole和all都有“全部”之意,但whole放在冠词、指示代词或物主代词等之后,而all放在这些词之前。
【拓展】
◆在不可数名词前一般用all;
◆whole和all都可与单数可数名词连用,但whole更为常见;
◆whole和all都可修饰复数名词,但前面一般有数词,此时whole和all的位置不同。
如:three whole days = all three days
◆ all和whole都可修饰专有名词,但结构不一样。如:all China, the whole of China。
Key:
1. all
2. whole
3. whole
4. all
No. 7 instead / instead of
【习题检测】
用instead或instead of填空。
1. He didn't answer me. _______ he asked me another question.
2. She planned to do some work _______ watching TV.
【启发点拨】
(1) instead为副词,意为“代替;而不是”,常置于句末,置于句首时常用逗号与后面的内容隔开。
(2) instead of为短语介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语。
Key:
1. Instead
2. instead of
No. 8 alive / living / lively / live
【习题检测】
用alive, living, lively或live填空。
1. We don't know whether they are _______ or dead.
2. Do you like a _______ show or a recorded (录制的) one?
3. Comrade Wang is really a _______ Lei Feng in our country.
4. Jenny is a _______ girl, so we all love her very much.
【启发点拨】
(1) alive意为“活着的”,指人或物,可作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。
(2) living意为“活着的;现存的”,指人或物,可作表语和前置定语。the living指“活着的人”。
(3) lively意为“活泼的;有生气的”,指人或物,可作前置定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(4) live意为“活着的”,通常指物,不指人,常用来作前置定语,这时可用living代替;live还可以表示“现场直播的”。
Key:
1. alive/living
2. live
3. living
4. lively
No. 9 everyday / every day
【习题检测】
用everyday或every day填空。
1. Playing basketball is part of his _______ life.
2. Xiao Lei keeps on learning some _______ English _______.
【启发点拨】
(1) everyday为形容词,意为“日常的;普通的”,只用于名词前作前置定语。
(2) every day为副词短语,意为“每天”,在句中作时间状语。
Key:
1. everyday
2. everyday; every day
No. 10 borrow / lend / keep
【习题检测】
用borrow, lend, keep的适当形式填空。
1. I'm going to the cinema to see Wolf Warriors Ⅱ. Could you _______ me your bike?
2. The librarian told me that I could _______ these magazines for three days.
3. —May I _______ your iPad, Lily?
—Yes, with pleasure. But you mustn't _______ it to others.
【启发点拨】
(1) borrow意为“借入;借来”,表示主语向别人借东西,是非延续性动词,不能与时间段连用,常用于borrow sth from sb/sth结构。
(2) lend意为“借出;借给”,表示主语把东西借给别人,是非延续性动词,不能与时间段连用,常用于lend sb sth或lend sth to sb结构。
(3) keep意为“保存,保留”,可引申为“借用”,是延续性动词,多与表示一段时间的短语或how long连用。
Key:
1. lend
2. keep
3. borrow; lend
No. 11 at a time / at one time
【习题检测】
根据汉语意思补全句子(每空一词)。
1. 他的父亲曾经是一名教师。
His father was a teacher _______ _______ _______.
2. 王先生一次能锻炼两个小时。
Mr Wang can take exercise for two hours _______ _______ _______.
【启发点拨】
(1) at a time意为“每次;一次”,常与表示数量的词语搭配使用。
(2) at one time意为“曾经,一度”,常用于一般过去时。
Key:
1. at one time
2. at a time
No. 12 more, less, fewer
【习题检测】
单项选择。
1. If you want to be thinner and healthier, you should eat _______ food and take _______ exercise.
A. less; more
B. more; less
C. more; fewer
D. fewer; more
2. There are _______ cars in the city than before because more and more people choose the underground.
A. many
B. fewer
C. more
D. much
【启发点拨】
(1) more 意为“更多的”,是many和much的比较级,既可修饰可数名词的复数,也可修饰不可数名词。
(2) less 意为“更少的;较少的”,是little的比较级,一般修饰不可数名词。
(3) fewer 意为“更少的;较少的”,是few的比较级,修饰可数名词复数。
Key:
1. A
2. B
No. 13 because/because of
【习题检测】
单项选择。
( ) Tony didn't come to the party last night _______ he was ill, not _______ the weather.
A. because of; because
B. because; because of
C. because of; because of
D. because; because
【启发点拨】
because of和because都可表示“因为”,但有所区别:
(1) because是连词,后面接句子。
(2) because of是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动词的ing形式。
Key: B
No. 14 succeed/success/ successful
【习题检测】
用succeed的适当形式填空。
1. At last, Mary _______ in solving the maths problem.
2. We can't be _______ unless we keep working hard.
3. —I'm afraid I'll fail in this exam.
—Come on, Andy. You must believe in yourself. That's the secret of _______.
4. His team finished the hard work _______.
【启发点拨】
“成功”各有不同:
(1) succeed为动词,意为“成功;做成”,常见结构:succeed in doing sth“成功地做成某事”。
(2) success作不可数名词时,意为“成功”;作可数名词时,意为“成功的人/事”。
(3) successful为形容词,意为“成功的”,修饰名词或代词。
(4) successfully为副词,意为“成功地”,修饰形容词、副词或动词。
Key:
1. succeeded
2. successful
3. success
4. successfully