前言：
《实施保护世界文化与自然遗产公约的操作指南》（简称《操作指南》）是指导世界遗产事务的操作性规范，反映了世界遗产委员会和教科文组织的时效理念和工作重点，是世界遗产领域开展相关工作的基本依据。《操作指南》的历年变更，反映了世界遗产委员和教科文组织倡导的社会、经济、文化策略的历年发展过程及国际遗产理念与实践不断深化的历程, 反映出世界遗产最新动向与保护趋势。
专家意见
从1977年的第一次《指南》发布到的近30年间，《指南》发生了巨大的变化，其中就包括对通过文化交流和价值观的交流而促进文化发展这一新的价值标准的形成。世界遗产委员会和教科文组织也更为鼓励跨国申遗项目，促进国家之间在保护领域的对话和合作。
——吕舟
《保护世界文化与自然遗产公约》在各种国际公约中独树一帜，同时关注文物遗产和自然保护。正因为如此，30多年来，世界遗产保护事业得到迅速发展。
——张松
Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention
实施《保护世界文化与自然遗产公约》的操作指南
THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST
《世界遗产名录》
A Definition of World Heritage Cultural and Natural Heritage
A 世界遗产的定义文化和自然遗产
Cultural and natural heritage are defined in Articles 1 and 2 of the World Heritage Convention.
文化和自然遗产的定义见《世界遗产公约》第1条和第2条。
Article 1
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage";
- monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;
- groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;
- sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and of man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological points of view.
第1条
在本公约中,以下各项为“文化遗产”：
－文物古迹：从历史、艺术或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的建筑、碑雕和壁画、考古元素或结构、铭文、洞窟以及特殊联合体；
－建筑群：从历史、艺术或科学角度看在建筑式样、整体和谐或与所处景观结合方面具有突出的普遍价值的独立的或相互连接的建筑群;
－遗址：从历史、审美、人种学或人类学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的人类工程或自然与人联合的工程以及考古发掘所在地。
Article 2
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "natural heritage":
- natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;
- geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation;
- natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.
第2条
在本公约中,以下各项为“自然遗产”：.
－从审美或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的由物质和生物结构或这类结构群组成的自然面貌;
－从科学或保护角度看具有突出的普遍价值的地质和自然地理结构以及明确划为受威胁的动物和植物生境区;
－从科学、保存或自然美角度看具有突出的普遍价值的天然名胜或明确划分的自然区域。
Mixed Cultural and Natural Heritage
文化和自然混合遗产
Properties shall be considered as "mixed cultural and natural heritage" if they satisfy a part or the whole of the definitions of both cultural and natural heritage laid out in Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention.
只有同时部分满足或完全满足《公约》第1条和第2条关于文化和自然遗产定义的财产才能认为是“文化和自然混合遗产”。
Cultural landscapes
文化景观
Cultural landscapes are cultural properties and represent the "combined works of nature and of man" designated in Article 1 of the Convention. They are illustrative of the evolution of human society and settlement over time, under the influence of the physical constraints and/or opportunities presented by their natural environment and of successive social, economic and cultural forces, both external and internal.
《公约》第1条就指出文化景观属于文化财产，代表着“自然与人联合的工程”。它们反映了因物质条件的限制和/或自然环境带来的机遇，在一系列社会、经济和文化因素的内外作用下，人类社会和定居地的历史沿革。
Movable Heritage
可移动遗产
Nominations of immovable heritage which are likely to become movable will not be considered.
对于可能发生迁移的不可移动遗产的申报将不于考虑。
Outstanding universal value
突出的普遍价值
1. Outstanding universal value means cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity. As such, the permanent protection of this heritage is of the highest importance to the international community as a whole. The Committee defines the criteria for the inscription of properties on the World Heritage List.
1. 突出的普遍价值指文化和/或自然价值之罕见超越了国家界限，对全人类的现在和未来均具有普遍的重大意义。因此，该项遗产的永久性保护对整个国际社会都具有至高的重要性。世界遗产委员会将这一条规定为遗产列入《世界遗产名录》的标准。
2. States Parties are invited to submit nominations of properties of cultural and/or natural value considered to be of "outstanding universal value" for inscription on the World Heritage List.
2. 邀请各缔约国申报其认为具有“突出的普遍价值”的文化和/或自然遗产，以列入《世界遗产名录》。
3. At the time of inscription of a property on the World Heritage List, the Committee adopts a Statement of Outstanding Universal Value (see paragraph 154) which will be the key reference for the future effective protection and management of the property.
3. 遗产列入《世界遗产名录》时，世界遗产委员会会通过一个《突出的普遍价值声明》（见第154段），该声明将是以后遗产有效保护与管理的重要参考。
4. The Convention is not intended to ensure the protection of all properties of great interest, importance or value, but only for a select list of the most outstanding of these from an international viewpoint. It is not to be assumed that a property of national and/or regional importance will automatically be inscribed on the World Heritage List.
4. 该 《公约》 不是旨在保护所有具有重大意义或价值的遗产，而只是保护那些从国际观点看具有最突出价值的遗产。不应该认为某项具有国家和/或区域重要性的遗产会自动列入《 世界遗产名录》。
5. Nominations presented to the Committee shall demonstrate the full commitment of the State Party to preserve the heritage concerned, within its means. Such commitment shall take the form of appropriate policy, legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures adopted and proposed to protect the property and its outstanding universal value.
5. 委员会的申报应该表明该缔约国在其力所能及的范围内将全力以赴保存该项遗产。这种承诺应该体现在建议和采纳合适的政策、法律、科学、技术、管理和财政措施，保护该项遗产以及遗产的突出的普遍价值。
A Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List
具有代表性、平衡性和可信性的《世界遗产名录》
1. The Committee seeks to establish a representative, balanced and credible World Heritage List in conformity with the four Strategic Objectives adopted by the Committee at its 26th session (Budapest, 2002).
1. 委员会根据第26届会议确定的四个战略目标，致力于构建一个具有代表性、平衡性和可信性的《世界遗产名录》。（布达佩斯，2002）
The Global Strategy for a Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List
构建具有代表性、平衡性、可信性的《世界遗产名录》的全球战略
2. The Global Strategy for a Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List is designed to identify and fill the major gaps in the World Heritage List. It does this by encouraging more countries to become States Parties to the Convention and to develop Tentative Lists as defined in paragraph 62 and nominations of properties for inscription on the World Heritage List (see /en/globalstrategy)
2. 构建具有代表性、平衡性、可信性的《世界遗产名录》的全球战略旨在明确并填补《世界遗产名录》的主要空白。该战略鼓励更多的国家加入《保护世界文化与自然遗产公约》并按照62段中定义编撰《预备清单》、准备《世界遗产名录》申报文件（详情请登录：/en/globalstrategy）
3. States Parties and the Advisory Bodies are encouraged to participate in the implementation of the Global Strategy in cooperation with the Secretariat and other partners. Regional and thematic Global Strategy meetings and comparative and thematic studies are organized for this purpose. The results of these meetings and studies are available to assist States Parties in preparing Tentative Lists and nominations. The reports of the expert meetings and studies presented to the World Heritage Committee are available at the following Web address: /en/globalstrategy
3. 鼓励各缔约国和专家咨询机构同秘书处及其他合作方合作，参与实施《全球战略》。为此，组织召开了“全球战略”区域及主题会议，并开展对比研究及主题研究。会议和研究成果将协助缔约国编撰《预备清单》和申报材料。可访问网址：/en/globalstrategy，查阅提交给世界遗产委员会的专家会议报告和研究报告。
4. All efforts should be made to maintain a reasonable balance between cultural and natural heritage on the World Heritage List.
4. 要尽一切努力，保持《世界遗产名录》内文化和自然遗产的平衡。
5. No formal limit is imposed on the total number of properties to be inscribed on the World Heritage List.
5. 没有正式限制《世界遗产名录》中遗产总数。
Other measures
其他措施
1. To promote the establishment of a representative, balanced Resolution adopted by the 12th Operational Guidelines for the Implementation o 16 f the World Heritage Convention and credible World Heritage List, States Parties are requested to consider whether their heritage is already well represented on the List and if so to slow down their rate of submission of further nominations by:
a) spacing voluntarily their nominations according to conditions that they will define, and/or;
b) proposing only properties falling into categories still under-represented, and/or;
c) linking each of their nominations with a nomination presented by a State Party whose heritage is underrepresented; or
d) deciding, on a voluntary basis, to suspend the presentation of new nominations.
1. 要构建具有代表性、平衡性、可信性的《世界遗产名录》，缔约国须考虑其遗产是否已在遗产名录上得到充分的代表，如果是，就要采取以下措施，放慢新申报的提交速度：
a) 依据自身情况，自主增大申报间隔，和/或；
b) 只申报名录内代表不足的类别遗产，和/或；
c) 每次申报都同名录内代表不足的缔约国的申报联系起来，或；
d) 自主决定暂停提交新的申报。
2. States Parties whose heritage of outstanding universal value is under-represented on the World Heritage List are requested to:
a) give priority to the preparation of their Tentative Lists and nominations;
b) initiate and consolidate partnerships at the regional level based on the exchange of technical expertise;
c) encourage bilateral and multilateral co-operation so as to increase their expertise and the technical capacities of institutions in charge of the protection, safeguarding and management of their heritage;
d) participate, as much as possible, in the sessions of the World Heritage Committee.
2. 如果遗产具有突出的普遍价值，且在《世界遗产名录》上代表不足，这样的缔约国需要：
a) 优先考虑准备《预备清单》和申报材料；
b) 在所属区域内，寻求并巩固技术交流合作关系；
c) 鼓励双边和多边合作以增强缔约国负责遗产保护、保卫和管理机构的专业技能
d) 尽可能参加世界遗产委员会的各届会议。
3. The Committee has decided, on an experimental and transitory basis, to apply the following mechanism at its 30th session ():
a) examine up to two complete nominations per State Party, provided that at least one of such nominations concerns a natural property; and,
b) set at 45 the annual limit on the number of nominations it will review, inclusive of nominations deferred and referred by previous sessions of the Committee, extensions (except minor modifications of limits of the property), transboundary and serial nominations,
c) the following order of priorities will be applied:
i) nominations of properties submitted by States Parties with no properties inscribed on the
List;
ii) nominations of properties from any State Party that illustrate un-represented or less represented categories of natural and cultural categories;
iii) other nominations;
iv) when applying this priority system, date of receipt of full and complete nominations by the Secretariat shall be used as secondary determining factor within the category where the number of nomination fixed by the Committee has been reached.
3. 委员会决定，在第30届大会（）上暂时试用以下机制：
a) 最多审查缔约国的两项完整申报，其中至少有一项与自然遗产有关；
b) 确定委员会每年审查的申报数目不超过45个，其中包括往届会议推迟审议的项目、再审项目、扩展项目（遗产限制的细微变动除外）、跨界项目和系列项目，
c) 优先顺序如下所示：
1) 名录内尚没有遗产列入的缔约国提交的遗产申报；
2) 不限国别，但申报是名录内没有或为数不多的自然或文化遗产类别
3) 其他申报；
4) 采用该优先顺序机制时，如果某领域内委员会所确定的申报名额已满，则秘书处收到完整申报材料的日期将被作为第二决定因素来考虑。
Tentative Lists
《预备清单》
1. A Tentative List is an inventory of those properties situated on its territory which each State Party considers suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List. States Parties should therefore include, in their Tentative Lists, the names of those properties which they consider to be cultural and/or natural heritage of outstanding universal value and which they intend to nominate during the following years.
1. 《预备清单》是缔约国认为其境内具备世界遗产资格的遗产的详细目录，其中应包括其认为具有突出的普遍价值的文化和/或自然遗产的名称和今后几年内要申报的遗产的名称。
2. Nominations to the World Heritage List are not considered unless the nominated property has already been included on the State Party"s Tentative List.
2. 如果缔约国提交的申报遗产未曾列入该国的《预备清单》，委员会将 不予考虑。
3. States Parties are encouraged to prepare their Tentative Lists with the participation of a wide variety of stakeholders, including site managers, local and regional governments, local communities, NGOs and other interested parties and partners.
3. 鼓励缔约国在准备其《预备清单》时邀请各利益相关方包括遗产地管理人员、地方和地区政府、当地社区、非政府组织以及其他相关机构参与全过程。
4. States Parties shall submit Tentative Lists to the Secretariat, preferably at least one year prior to the submission of any nomination. States Parties are encouraged to re-examine and re-submit their Tentative List at least every ten years.
4. 缔约国呈报《预备清单》至秘书处的时间最好提前申报遗产一年。委员会鼓励缔约国至少每十年重新审查或递交其《预备清单》。
5. States Parties are requested to submit their Tentative Lists in English or French using the standard format in Annex 2, containing the name of the properties, their geographical location, a brief description of the properties, and justification of their outstanding universal value.
5. 缔约国需要递交英文或法语的《预备清单》，且采用附件2所示的标准格式，其中包括遗产名称、地理位置、简短描述以及其具有突出的普遍价值的陈述。
6. The original duly signed version of the completed Tentative List shall be submitted by the State Party, to:
UNESCO World Heritage Centre 7, place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP
France
Tel: +33 (0) 1 4568 1136
E-mail: wh-tentativelists@
6. 缔约国应将已签名的完整《预备清单》原件递交至：联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心 法国巴黎（7, place de Fontenoy，Paris 07 SP，France）
电话：+33 (0) 1 4568 1136
电邮: wh-tentativelists@
7. If all information has been provided, the Tentative List will be registered by the Secretariat and transmitted to the relevant Advisory Bodies for information. A summary of all Tentative Lists is presented annually to the Committee. The Secretariat, in consultation with the States Parties concerned, updates its records, in particular by removing from the Tentative Lists the inscribed properties and nominated properties which were not inscribed.
7. 如果所有信息均已提供，秘书处会将《预备清单》登记并转呈给相关专家咨询机构。每年都要向委员会递交所有《预备清单》的概要。秘书处与相关缔约国协商，更新其记录，将《预备清单》上已纳入《世界遗产名录》和已拒绝申报除名。
8. The Tentative Lists of States Parties are available at the following Web address: /en/tentativelists
8. 登录/en/tentativelists，查阅缔约国《预备清单》：
9. Tentative Lists are a useful and important planning tool for States Parties, the World Heritage Committee, the Secretariat, and the Advisory Bodies, as they provide an indication of future nominations.
9.《预备清单》提供未来遗产名录申报信息，是缔约国、世界遗产委员会、秘书处及咨询机构的重要规划工具。
10. States Parties are encouraged to consult the analyses of both the World Heritage List and Tentative Lists prepared at the request of the Committee by ICOMOS and IUCN to identify the gaps in the World Heritage List. These analyses could enable States Parties to compare themes, regions, geo-cultural groupings and bio-geographic provinces for prospective World Heritage properties.
10. 鼓励缔约国参考国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)和世界保护自然联盟(IUCN) 应委员会要求准备的《世界遗产名录》和《预备清单》的分析报告，确定《世界遗产名录》内的空白。这些分析使缔约国能够比较主题、区域、地理文化群和生物地理区等方面以确定未来的世界遗产。
11. In addition, States Parties are encouraged to consult the specific thematic studies carried out by the Advisory Bodies (see paragraph 147). These studies are informed by a review of the Tentative Lists submitted by States Parties and by reports of meetings on the harmonization of Tentative Lists, as well as by other technical studies performed by the Advisory Bodies and qualified organizations and individuals. A list of those studies already completed is available at the following Web address: /en/globalstrategy
11.另外，鼓励缔约国参考由专家咨询机构完成的具体主题研究报告 （见147段）。这些研究包括《预备清单》评估、《预备清单》协调会议报告、以及专家咨询机构和其他具资质的团体和个人的相关技术研究。完成的研究报告列表详见：/en/globalstrategy
12. States Parties are encouraged to harmonize their Tentative Lists at regional and thematic levels. Harmonization of Tentative Lists is the process whereby States Parties, with the assistance of the Advisory Bodies, collectively assess their respective Tentative List to review gaps and identify common themes. The outcome of harmonization can result in improved Tentative Lists, new nominations from States Parties and cooperation amongst groups of States Parties in the preparation of nominations.
12.鼓励缔约国在区域和主题层面协调《预备清单》。在这个过程中，缔约国在专家咨询机构的协助下，共同评估各自的《预备清单》，发现差距并确认共通主题。通过协调，《预备清单》可以得到改进，缔约国可能会申报新遗产，并与其他缔约国合作准备申报材料。
13. To implement the Global Strategy, cooperative efforts in capacity-building and training may be necessary to assist States Parties to acquire and/or consolidate their expertise in the preparation, updating and harmonisation of their Tentative List and the preparation of nominations.
13.要实施《全球战略》，就有必要共同致力于协助缔约国进行能力建设和培训，获取和/或增强在编写、更新和协调《预备清单》及准备申报材料的能力。
14. International Assistance may be requested by States Parties for the purpose of preparing, updating and harmonizing Tentative Lists (see Chapter VII).
14.在准备、更新和协调《预备清单》方面，缔约国可以请求国际援助（见第七章）。
15. The Advisory Bodies and the Secretariat will use the opportunity of evaluation missions to hold regional training workshops to assist under-represented States in the methods of preparation of their Tentative List and nominations
15.专家咨询机构和秘书处可在考察评估期间，举办地区培训班，对列入名录中遗产很少的国家在准备预备清单和申报材料的方法上提供帮助。
Criteria for the assessment of outstanding universal value
突出的普遍价值的评估标准
1. The Committee considers a property as having outstanding universal value (see paragraphs 49-53) if the property meets one or more of the following criteria. Nominated properties shall therefore :
(i) represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;
(ii) exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;
(iii) bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;
(iv) be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;
(v) be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;
(vi) be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria) ;
(vii) contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;
(viii) be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth"s history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;
(ix) be outstanding examples representing significant ongoing ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;
(x) contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.
1.如果遗产符合下列一项或多项标准，委员会将会认为该遗产具有突出的普遍价值（见49-53段）。所申报遗产因而必须:
(i) 代表人类创造精神的杰作；
(ii)体现了在一段时期内或世界某一文化区域内重要的价值观交流，对建筑、技术、古迹艺术、城镇规划或景观设计的发展产生过重大影响；
(iii)能为现存的或已消逝的文明或文化传统提供独特的或至少是特殊的见证；
(iv)是一种建筑、建筑群、技术整体或景观的杰出范例，展现历史上一个(或几个)重要发展阶段；
(v)是传统人类聚居、土地使用或海洋开发的杰出范例，代表一种(或几种)文化或者人类与环境的相互作用，特别是由于不可扭转的变化的影响而脆弱易损；
(vi)与具有突出的普遍意义的事件、文化传统、观点、信仰、艺术作品或文学作品有直接或实质的联系。(委员会认为本标准最好与其他标准一起使用)；
(vii)绝妙的自然现象或具有罕见自然美的地区；
(viii)是地球演化史中重要阶段的突出例证，包括生命记载和地貌演变中的地质发展过程或显着的地质或地貌特征；
(ix)突出代表了陆地、淡水、海岸和海洋生态系统及动植物群落演变、发展的生态和生理过程；
(x)是生物多样性原地保护的最重要的自然栖息地，包括从科学或保护角度具有突出的普遍价值的濒危物种栖息地。
2. To be deemed of outstanding universal value, a property must also meet the conditions of integrity and/or authenticity and must have an adequate protection and management system to ensure its safeguarding.
2.被认为具有突出的普遍价值，遗产必须同时符合完整性和/或真实性的条件并有足够的保护和管理机制确保其得到保护。
Integrity and/or authenticity
完整性和/或真实性
Authenticity
真实性
1. Properties nominated under criteria (i) to (vi) must meet the conditions of authenticity. Annex 4 which includes the Nara Document on Authenticity, provides a practical basis for examining the authenticity of such properties and is summarized below.
1.依据标准（i）至(vi)申报的遗产须具备真实性。附件4中包括了关于真实性的《奈良文件》，为评估遗产的真实性提供了操作基础，概要如下。
2. The ability to understand the value attributed to the heritage depends on the degree to which information sources about this value may be understood as credible or truthful. Knowledge and understanding of these sources of information, in relation to original and subsequent characteristics of the cultural heritage, and their meaning, are the requisite bases for assessing all aspects of authenticity.
2.理解遗产价值的能力取决于关于该价值信息来源的真实度或可信度。对涉及文化遗产原始及后来特征的信息来源的认识和理解，是分析评价真实性各方面的必要基础。
3. Judgments about value attributed to cultural heritage, as well as the credibility of related information sources, may differ from culture to culture, and even within the same culture. The respect due to all cultures requires that cultural heritage must be considered and judged primarily within the cultural contexts to which it belongs.
3.对于文化遗产价值和相关信息来源可信性的评价标准可能因文化而异，甚至同一种文化内也存在差异。出于对所有文化的尊重，必须将文化遗产放在它所处的文化背景中考虑和评价。
4. Depending on the type of cultural heritage, and its cultural context, properties may be understood to meet the conditions of authenticity if their cultural value (as recognized in the nomination criteria proposed) are truthfully and credibly expressed through a variety of attributes including:
• form and design;
• materials and substance;
• use and function;
• traditions, techniques and management systems;
• location and setting;
• language, and other forms of intangible heritage;
• spirit and feeling; and
• other internal and external factors.
4.依据文化遗产类别及其文化背景，如果遗产的文化价值 （申报标准所认可的）之下列特征是真实可信的，则被认为具有真实性：
· 外形和设计；
· 材料和实体；
· 用途和功能；
· 传统，技术和管理体制；
· 位置和背景环境；
· 语言和其他形式的非物质遗产；
· 精神和感觉；以及
· 其他内外因素。
5. Attributes such as spirit and feeling do not lend themselves easily to practical applications of the conditions of authenticity, but nevertheless are important indicators of character and sense of place, for example, in communities maintaining tradition and cultural continuity.
5.精神和感觉这样的特征在真实性评估中虽不易操作，却是评价一个地方特征和气质的重要指标，例如，在保持传统和文化连续性的社区中。
6. The use of all these sources permits elaboration of the specific artistic, historic, social, and scientific dimensions of the cultural heritage being examined. "Information sources" are defined as all physical, written, oral, and figurative sources, which make it possible to know the nature, specificities, meaning, and history of the cultural heritage.
6.所有这些信息的采用允许文化遗产在艺术、历史、社会和科学各层面的价值得以被充分考虑。“信息来源”指所有物质的、书面的、口头和图形的信息，以使理解文化遗产的性质、特征、意义和历史成为可能。
7. When the conditions of authenticity are considered in preparing a nomination for a property, the State Party should Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention first identify all of the applicable significant attributes of authenticity. The statement of authenticity should assess the degree to which authenticity is present in, or expressed by, each of these significant attributes.
7.在准备遗产申报考虑真实性条件时，缔约国首先要明确所有适用的真实性的重要特征。真实性声明应该评估真实性在每个特征上的体现程度。
8. In relation to authenticity, the reconstruction of archaeological remains or historic buildings or districts is justifiable only in exceptional circumstances. Reconstruction is acceptable only on the basis of complete and detailed documentation and to no extent on conjecture.
8.在真实性问题上，考古遗址或历史建筑及地区的重建只有在极个别情况下才予以考虑。只有依据完整且详细的记载，不存在任何想象而进行的重建，才会被接纳。
Integrity
完整性
1. All properties nominated for inscription on the World Heritage List shall satisfy the conditions of integrity.
1.所有申报《世界遗产名录》的遗产必须具有完整性。
2. Integrity is a measure of the wholeness and intactness of the natural and/or cultural heritage and its attributes. Examining the conditions of integrity, therefore requires assessing the extent to which the property:
a) includes all elements necessary to express its outstanding universal value;
b) is of adequate size to ensure the complete representation of the features and processes which
convey the property’s significance;
c) suffers from adverse effects of development and/or neglect. This should be presented in a statement of integrity.
2.完整性用来衡量自然和/或文化遗产及其特征的整体性和无缺憾状态。因而，审查遗产完整性就要评估遗产满足以下特征的程度：
a) 包括所有表现其突出的普遍价值的必要因素；
b) 形体上足够大，确保能完整地代表体现遗产价值的特色和过程；
c) 受到发展的负面影响和/或被忽视。
3. For properties nominated under criteria (i) to (vi), the physical fabric of the property and/or its significant features should be in good condition, and the impact of deterioration processes controlled. A significant proportion of the elements necessary to convey the totality of the value conveyed by the property should be included. Relationships and dynamic functions present in cultural landscapes, historic towns or other living properties essential to their distinctive character should also be maintained.
1.依据标准（i）至(vi)申报的遗产，其物理构造和/或重要特征都必须保存完好，侵蚀退化也得到控制。能表现遗产全部价值绝大部分必要因素也要包括在内。文化景观、历史名镇或其他活遗产中体现其显着特征的种种关系和能动机制也应予保存。
2. For all properties nominated under criteria (vii) - (x), biophysical processes and landform features should be relatively intact. However, it is recognized that no area is totally pristine and that all natural areas are in a dynamic state, and to some extent involve contact with people. Human activities, including those of traditional societies and local communities, often occur in natural areas. These activities may be consistent with the outstanding universal value of the area where they are ecologically sustainable
2.所有依据标准（vii）至(x)申报的遗产，其生物物理过程和地貌特征应该相对完整。当然，由于任何区域都不可能是完全天然，且所有自然区域都在变动之中，某种程度上还会有人类的活动。包括传统社会和当地社区在内的人类活动常常发生在自然区域内。这些活动常因具有生态可持续性而被视为同自然区域突出的普遍价值相一致。
3. In addition, for properties nominated under criteria (vii) to (x), a corresponding condition of integrity has been defined for each criterion.
3.另外，对于依据标准（vii）至(x)申报的遗产来说，每个标准又有一个相应的完整性条件。
4. Properties proposed under criterion (vii) should be of outstanding universal value and include areas that are essential for maintaining the beauty of the property. For example, a property whose scenic value depends on a waterfall, would meet the conditions of integrity if it includes adjacent catchment and downstream areas that are integrally linked to the maintenance of the aesthetic qualities of the property.
4.依据标准（vii）申报的遗产应具备突出的普遍价值，且包括保持遗产美景的必要地区。例如，某个遗产的景观价值在于它的瀑布，那么只有将临近的积水潭和下游地区同保持遗产美学价值密切相连、统一考虑，才能满足完整性条件。
5. Properties proposed under criterion (viii) should contain all or most of the key interrelated and interdependent elements in their natural relationships. Forexample, an "ice age" area would meet the conditions of integrity if it includes the snow field, the glacier itself and samples of cutting patterns, deposition and colonization (e.g. striations, moraines, pioneer stages of plant succession, etc.); in the case of volcanoes, the magmatic series should be complete and all or most of the varieties of effusive rocks and types of eruptions be represented.
5.依据标准（viii）申报的遗产必须包括其自然关系中所有或大部分重要的相互联系、相互依存的因素。例如，“冰川期”遗址要满足完整性条件，则需包括雪地、冰河本身和凿面样本、沉积物和拓殖（例如，条痕、冰碛层及植物演替的先锋阶段等）。如果是火山，则岩浆层必须完整，且能代表所有或大部分的火山岩种类和喷发类型。
6.Properties proposed under criterion (ix) should have sufficient size and contain the necessary elements to demonstrate the key aspects of processes that are essential for the long term conservation of the ecosystems and the biological diversity they contain. For example, an area of tropical rain forest would meet the conditions of integrity if it includes a certain amount of variation in elevation above sea level, changes in topography and soil types, patch systems and naturally regenerating patches; similarly a coral reef should include, for example, seagrass, mangrove or other adjacent ecosystems that regulate nutrient and sediment inputs into the reef.
6.依据标准(ix)申报的遗产必须具有足够大小，且包含能够展示长期保护其内部生态系统和生物多样性的重要过程的必要因素。例如，热带雨林地区要满足完整性条件，需要在海平面上有一定的垂直变化、多样的地形和土壤种类，群落系统和自然形成的群落；同样，珊瑚礁必须包括，诸如海草、红树林和其他为珊瑚礁提供营养沉积物的临近生态系统。
7. Properties proposed under criterion (x) should be the most important properties for the conservation of biological diversity. Only those properties which are the most biologically diverse and/or representative are likely to meet this criterion. The properties should contain habitats for maintaining the most diverse fauna and flora characteristic of the bio-geographic province and ecosystems under consideration. For example, a tropical savannah would meet the conditions of integrity if it includes a complete assemblage of co-evolved herbivores and plants; an island ecosystem should include habitats for maintaining endemic biota; a property containing wide ranging species should be large enough to include the most critical habitats essential to ensure the survival of viable populations of those species; for an area containing migratory species, seasonal breeding and nesting sites, and migratory routes, wherever they are located, should be adequately protected.
7.依据标准(x)申报的遗产必须是生物多样性保护的至关重要的价值。只有最具生物多样性和/或代表性的申报遗产才有可能满足该标准。遗产必须包括某生物区或生态系统内最具多样性的动植物特征的栖息地。例如：要满足完整性条件，热带草原需要具有完整的、共同进化的草食动物群和植物群；一个海岛生态系统则需要包括地方生态栖息地；包含多种物种的遗产必须足够大，能够包括确保这些物种生存的最重要的栖息地；如果某个地区有迁徙物种，则季节性的养育巢穴和迁徙路线，不管位于何处，都必须妥善保护。
Protection and management
保护和管理
1. Protection and management of World Heritage properties should ensure that the outstanding universal value, the conditions of integrity and/or authenticity at the time of inscription are maintained or enhanced in the future.
1.世界遗产的保护与管理须确保其在列入名录时所具有的突出的普遍价值以及完整性和/或真实性在之后得到保持或提升。
2. All properties inscribed on the World Heritage List must have adequate long-term legislative, regulatory, institutional and/or traditional protection and management to ensure their safeguarding. This protection should include adequately delineated boundaries. Similarly States Parties should demonstrate adequate protection at the national, regional, municipal, and/or traditional level for the nominated property. They should append appropriate texts to the nomination with a clear explanation of the way this protection operates to protect the property.
2.列入世界遗产名录的所有遗产必须有长期、充分的从立法、规范、机制和/或传统等各方面的保护及管理以确保遗产得到保护。该保护必须包括充分描述的边界范畴。同样地，缔约国应该在国家、区域、城市和/或传统的各层面，适当保护申报遗产。申报文件上也需要附加明确解释保护措施的说明。
3. Legislative and regulatory measures at national and local levels should assure the survival of the property and its protection against development and change that might negatively impact the outstanding universal value, or the integrity and/or authenticity of the property. States Parties should also assure the full and effective implementation of such measures.
3.国家和地方级的立法、规范措施应确保遗产的存在，且保护其突出的普遍价值以及完整性和/或真实性不因社会发展变迁受到负面影响。缔约国还需要保证这些措施得到切实有效的实施。
Boundaries for effective protection
有效保护的界限
1. The delineation of boundaries is an essential requirement in the establishment of effective protection of nominated properties. Boundaries should be drawn to ensure the full expression of the outstanding universal value and the integrity and/or authenticity of the property.
1.界限描述是对申报遗产进行有效保护的关键条件。界限必需明确划定以确保遗产的突出的普遍价值及其完整性和/或真实性得到充分体现。
2. For properties nominated under criteria (i) - (vi), boundaries should be drawn to include all those areas and attributes which are a direct tangible expression of the outstanding universal value of the property, as well as those areas which in the light of future research possibilities offer potential to contribute to and enhance such understanding.
2.依据标准（i）至(vi)申报的遗产，划定界限需要包括所有能够直接体现遗产的突出、普遍价值的区域和有形的特征，以及在将来的研究中有可能对遗产价值进一步加深理解的区域。
3. For properties nominated under criteria (vii) - (x), boundaries should reflect the spatial requirements of habitats, species, processes or phenomena that provide the basis for their inscription on the World Heritage List. The boundaries should include sufficient areas immediately adjacent to the area of outstanding universal value in order to protect the property"s heritage values from direct effect of human encroachments and impacts of resource use outside of the nominated area.
3.依据标准（vii）至(x)的申报，划定界限要反映其成为世界遗产基本条件的栖息地、物种、过程或现象的空间要求。界限须包括与具有突出的普遍价值紧邻的足够大的区域以保护其遗产价值不因人类活动的直接侵蚀和该区域外资源开发而受到损害。
4. The boundaries of the nominated property may coincide with one or more existing or proposed protected areas, such as national parks or nature reserves, biosphere reserves or protected historic districts. While such established areas for protection may contain several management zones, only some of those zones may satisfy criteria for inscription.
4.所申报遗产的界限可能会与一个或多个已存在或建议保护区相同，例如国家公园或自然保护区，生物圈保护区或历史文物保护区。虽然保护区可能包含几个管理带，可能只有部分地带能达到世界遗产的标准。
Buffer zones
缓冲区
1. Wherever necessary for the proper conservation of the property, an adequate buffer zone should be provided.
1.只要有必要，就应设立足够大的缓冲区以保护遗产。
2. For the purposes of effective protection of the nominated property, a buffer zone is an area surrounding the nominated property which has complementary legal and/or customary restrictions placed on its use and development to give an added layer of protection to the property. This should include the immediate setting of the nominated property, important views and other areas or attributes that are functionally important as a support to the property and its protection. The area constituting the buffer zone should be determined in each case through appropriate mechanisms. Details on the size, characteristics and authorized uses of a buffer zone, as well as a map indicating the precise boundaries of the property and its buffer zone, should be provided in the nomination.
2.为了有效保护申报遗产，缓冲区是指遗产周围区域，其使用和开发被补充法和/或公共规定限制，以此为遗产增加保护层。缓冲区应包括申报遗产所在区域、重要景观，以及其他在功能上对遗产及其保护至关重要的区域或特征。通过合适的机制来决定缓冲区的构成区域。申报时，需要提供有关缓冲区大小、特点、授权用途的详细信息以及一张精确标示界限和缓冲区的地图。
3. A clear explanation of how the buffer zone protects the property should also be provided.
3.申报材料中还需明确描述缓冲区在保护申报遗产中的作用。
4. Where no buffer zone is proposed, the nomination should Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention include a statement as to why a buffer zone is not required.
4.如果没有建立缓冲区的提议，则申报材料需要对此予以解释。
5. Although buffer zones are not normally part of the nominated property, any modifications to the buffer zone subsequent to inscription of a property on the World Heritage List should be approved by the World Heritage Committee.
5.虽然缓冲区并非所申报的遗产的正式组成部分 但是《世界遗产名录》内遗产的缓冲区的任何变动都需经世界遗产委员会批准。
Management systems
管理体制
1. Each nominated property should have an appropriate management plan or other documented management system which should specify how the outstanding universal value of a property should be preserved, preferably through participatory means.
1.每一个申报遗产都应有合适的管理规划或其他有文可依的管理体制，其中需要详细说明应如何采用多方参与的方式，保护遗产突出的普遍的价值。
2. The purpose of a management system is to ensure the effective protection of the nominated property for present and future generations.
2.管理体制旨在确保现在和将来对申报遗产进行有效的保护。
3. An effective management system depends on the type, characteristics and needs of the nominated property and its cultural and natural context. Management systems may vary according to different cultural perspectives, the resources available and other factors. They may incorporate traditional practices, existing urban or regional planning instruments, and other planning control mechanisms, both formal and informal.
3.有效的管理体制的内容取决于申报遗产的类别、特点和需求以及其文化和自然环境。由于文化背景、可用资源及其他因素的影响，管理体制也会有所差别。管理体制可能包含传统做法、现存的城市或区域规划手段和其他正式和非正式的规划控制机制。
4. In recognizing the diversity mentioned above, common elements of an effective management system could include: a) a thorough shared understanding of the property by all stakeholders;
b) a cycle of planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and feedback;
c) the involvement of partners and stakeholders;
d) the allocation of necessary resources;
e) capacity-building; and
f) an accountable, transparent description of how the management system functions.
4.考虑到上述多样性问题，有效管理体制需包括以下因素：
a) 各利益方对遗产价值共同的透彻理解；
b) 规划、实施、监管、评估和反馈的循环机制；
c) 合作者与各利益相关方的共同参与；
d) 必要资源的配置；
e) 能力建设；以及
f) 对管理体制运作的可信、公开透明的描述。
5. Effective management involves a cycle of long-term and day-to-day actions to protect, conserve and present the nominated property.
5.有效管理包括长期和日常对申报遗产的保护、管理和展示。
6. Moreover, in the context of the implementation of the Convention, the World Heritage Committee has established a process of Reactive Monitoring (see Chapter IV) and a process of Periodic Reporting (see Chapter V).
6.另外，为了实施《公约》，世界遗产委员会还建立了反应性监控程序（见第Ⅳ章）和《定期报告》机制（见第Ⅴ章）。
7. In the case of serial properties, a management system or mechanisms for ensuring the co-ordinated management of the separate components are essential and should be documented in the nomination (see paragraphs 137-139).
7.如果是系列遗产，能确保各个组成部分协调管理的管理体制或机制非常必要，应该在申报材料中阐明 （见137-139段）。
8. In some circumstances, a management plan or other management system may not be in place at the time when a property is nominated for the consideration of the World Heritage Committee. The State Party concerned should then indicate when such a management plan or system would be put in place, and how it proposes to mobilize the resources required for the preparation and implementation of the new management plan or system. The State Party should also provide other document(s) (e.g. operational plans) which will guide the management of the site until such time when a management plan is finalized.
8.在某些情况下，管理规划或其他管理体制在该遗产向世界遗产委员会提出申报时还没有到位。相关缔约国则需要说明管理规划或体制何时能到位以及如何调动必要资源准备和实施新的管理规划或体制。缔约国还需要提供其他文件（例如，操作计划），在管理规划出台之前指导遗产的管理。
9. Where the intrinsic qualities of a property nominated are threatened by action of man and yet meet the criteria and the conditions of authenticity or integrity set out in paragraphs 78-95, an action plan outlining the corrective measures required should be submitted with the nomination file. Should the corrective measures submitted by the nominating State Party not be taken within the time proposed by the State Party, the property will be considered by the Committee for delisting in accordance with the
9.如果遗产的内在本质由于人类活动而受到威胁，但仍旧满足第78至95段规定的真实性或完整性的标准和条件，概述纠正措施的行动计划需要和申报材料一起提交。如果缔约国并未在拟定的时间内采取纠正措施，委员会将会依据相关程序将该遗产从名单上删除。（见IV.C节）
10. States Parties are responsible for implementing effective management activities for a World Heritage property. State Parties should do so in close collaboration with property managers, the agency with management authority and other partners, and stakeholders in property management.
10.缔约国要对境内的世界遗产实施有效的管理。缔约国要同其他参与各方密切合作管理遗产，其中包括遗产地管理人员、管理权力机关和其他合作者及遗产管理的相关利益方。
11. The Committee recommends that States Parties include risk preparedness as an element in their World Heritage site management plans and training strategies.
11.委员会推荐缔约国将风险防范机制包括在其世界遗产管理规划和培训策略中。
Sustainable use
可持续使用
1. World Heritage properties may support a variety of ongoing and proposed uses that are ecologically and culturally sustainable. The State Party and partners must ensure that such sustainable use does not adversely impact the outstanding universal value, integrity and/or authenticity of the property. Furthermore, any uses should be ecologically and culturally sustainable. For some properties, human use would not be appropriate.
1.世界遗产会有各种各样已存和拟开发的具有生态、文化可持续性的使用价值。缔约国和合作者必须确保这些可持续性利用不会有损遗产的突出的普遍价值，以及其完整性和/或真实性。另外，任何用途应该具有生态及文化可持续性。对于有些遗产来说，人类不宜使用。
本文编辑：刘亚琪 余俊颖
