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小升初英语语法考点之时态(二)

时间:2023-09-28 06:01:02

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小升初英语语法考点之时态(二)

学习英语语法很重要,小编为大家搜集整理了小升初英语语法考点梳理时态的相关内容,供大家学习。

过去完成时:

用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。

结构:had+过去分词

After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.

They had sold the car before I asked the price.

The train had left before I arrived at the station.

After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。

1.变疑问句将助动词移到句首

Had she finished her homework?

2.变否定句在助动词后面加not

She hadn’t finished her homework.

3.肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.

4.特殊疑问句:

What had she done?

过去将来时:

表示相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态。

1、"would+动词原形"表示过去将来时

"would+动词原形"构成过去将来时,常表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。

例1:He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。

例2:He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。

2、"was /were+going to+动词原形"表示过去将来时

"was /were+going to+动词原形"也可表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。

例1:She said she was going to start at once.

她说她将立即出发。

例2:I was told that he was going to return home.

有人告诉我他准备回家。

"was /were+going to+动词原形"还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。

例:It seemed as if it was going to rain.

看来好像要下雨。

3、某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时

come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。

例1:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.

他说火车第二天早晨出发。

例2:She told me she was coming to see me.

她告诉我她要来看我。

4、特定场合的一般过去时可表示过去将来时

条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

例1:I didn"t know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来,但她来了我会告诉你。

析:第一个when引导宾语从句,可使用将来时,第二个when引导时间状语从句,只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

例2:I didn"t know if she would come,but if she came I would let you know.我不知道她是否来,但如果她来我会告诉你。

析:第一个if引导宾语从句,可使用将来时,第二个if引导条件状语从句,只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

过去进行时:

表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when, while, as引导的状语从句中。

结构

1.过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成

例如:We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。

2.过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成

例如:This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车?

3.过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were + 主语+ 现在分词”构成

例如:Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?

基本用法

1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。

如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。

2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。

如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。

【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。

3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。

如:They were always quarrelling.

他们老是吵架。

4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。

比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此) He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)

补充:when 的后面加一般过去时,而且动词是不延续性动词。

while 的后面加过去进行时,动词是延续性动词。

特殊用法

1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时

We listened carefully while the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。

2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。

用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。

如:He told me that he was going soon.

他告诉我他很快就要走了。

3、表示故事发生的背景。

It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.

那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。

4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。

过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。

Five minutes later, he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.

5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。

5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。

I was walking in the street when someone called me.

我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。

6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。

She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.

她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。

7、与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。

The girl was always changing her mind.

这女孩老是改变主意。

一般将来时:

表示将来将要发生的动作, 经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours’ time, etc. 表示将来的词联用

结构: 主语+助动词will+动词原形

I will go to America tomorrow.

The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.

Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.

变疑问句将助动词移到句首

Will you go to America tomorrow?

Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?

Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?

变否定句在助动词后面加not

I will not go to America tomorrow.

The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.

Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning

肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I will. No, I will not.

Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.

Yes, he will. No, he will not.

特殊疑问句:

What will you do?

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