大暑
Major Heat
今日大暑！一年中最热的时节来了。大暑是二十四节气中的第十二个，它在小暑之后，是夏季的最后一个节气，是盛夏的最后辉煌。一年过半酷暑至，《二十四节气解》：“大暑，乃炎热之极也。”大暑正值“三伏天”里，是一年中最热的时期。大暑在十二消息卦里属于遁卦，不管是“遁”，还是“伏”，都有退让的意思。春生，夏长，秋收，冬藏。夏天主生发、生长，夏天这场热烈的、豪华的传奇，要在大暑这里安静地、优雅地退场。
Today is Major Heat! The hottest season of the year is coming. Major Heat is the 12th solar term in the 24 solar terms. After Minor Heat, it is the last solar term in summer and the last refulgence in midsummer. After half a year, the heatest time comes. As it says in The 24 Solar Terms, "The Major Heat is the extreme heat". The Major Heat is in the dog days and is the hottest period of the year. In the twelve information hexagrams, the Major Heat belongs to divinatory symbols of dun. Both "Dun" and "Fu" have the meaning of concession. Born in spring, grow in summer, harvest in autumn and store in winter. Summer is mainly about growth. This warm and luxurious legend of summer should be quietly and elegantly withdrawn here in the Major Heat.
大暑三候
Thee signs of Major Heat
一候腐草为萤
大暑时，萤火虫卵化而出，热风降临的夜晚，腐草败叶上飞来飞去的莹莹光点，是古人的盛夏印象。
二候土润溽暑
空气湿度变大，天气开始变得闷热，就连脚下的泥土都变得温润潮湿起来。
三候大雨时行
因为极度炎热，所以时常有大的雷雨出现，大雨使暑湿减弱，开始向立秋的过渡。
The first sign is rotten grass turns into fireflies
In the Major Heat, fireflies ooze out. On the night when the hot wind comes, the glittering spots flying on the rotten grass and withered leaves are the impression of the ancients in midsummer.
The second sign is the soil becomes wet
In summer, the humidity of the air increases, and the weather begins to become sultry. Even the soil under your feet becomes moist and moist.
The third sign is there are lots of rains in this season
Because of the extreme heat, terrible thunderstorms often occur. Heavy rain makes the heat and humidity weakened, and the climate begins to the transition to the beginning of autumn.
大暑习俗知多少
How much do you know about the customs of Great Heat
送大暑船
送大暑船是浙江台州一项跨越数百年的民间传统。船上摆满了各种供祭祀的动物，如猪、羊、鸡、鱼和虾。50多名渔民轮流抬着船穿过街道。鼓声响起，烟花燃放。街道两旁都是祈福的人。经过一系列仪式，这艘船终于被运到了码头。然后，船被拖出渔港，在海上焚烧。人们举行这个仪式是为了祈求丰收和健康。
斗蟋蟀
大热天是乡村田野中蟋蟀数量最多的季节。在这一时期，斗蟋蟀是中国一些人的一种流行的消遣方式。这个习俗可以追溯到1000多年前的唐朝（公元618-907年）。
吃荔枝和米糟
大暑之日，福建莆田有吃荔枝、米糟的习俗，以此庆祝大暑热。荔枝是一种营养丰富的水果，含有葡萄糖和维生素。人们通常先把荔枝泡在冷井水里吃。据说荔枝在大暑时节的滋补作用与人参相同。米糟是用发酵的大米做的。在大热天，人们用红糖煮它们。它能增强人体的生命力。
吃凤梨
大暑期间，台湾有吃凤梨的习俗，民间百姓认为这个时节的凤梨最好吃。另外，凤梨的闽南语发音和 “旺来”相同，所以也被用来作为祈求平安吉祥、生意兴隆的象征。
夏夜观流萤
仲夏夜的浪漫，正在于观赏流萤。萤火虫一般出现在杂草丛生处，古人认为萤火虫乃腐草所变，是大暑迎接立秋的诗意之虫。夜幕流转的疏云，树梢间抑扬顿挫的蝉鸣，如同星河一般幽幽闪烁的点点萤光，这样的夏天最为难忘。
Sending the Major Heat ship
Sending the Major Heat ship is a folk tradition spanning hundreds of years in Taizhou, Zhejiang province.The ship is filled with various animals for sacrifice such as pigs, sheep, chicken, fish, and shrimps. More than 50 fishermen take turns carrying the ship as they march through the streets. Drums are played and fireworks are lit. Both sides of the street are filled with people praying for blessings.After a series of ceremonies, the ship is finally carried to the wharf. Then, the ship is pulled out of the fishing port and burned at sea. People carry out this ritual to pray for good harvests and health.
Cricket fighting
Major Heat is a season with the largest number of crickets that can be found in the fields along the countryside. Cricket fighting is a popular pastime for some people in China during this period. The custom dates back more than 1,000 years to the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907).
Eating litchi and mizao
On the day of Major Heat, there is a custom of eating litchi, Mizao in Putian, Fujian province, as a celebration of Major Heat.Litchi is a nutritious fruit containing glucose and vitamins. People usually soak litchi in cold well water first and eat it. It is said that litchi during Major Heat is as nourishing as ginseng.Mizao is made of fermented rice. On the day of Major Heat, people cook them with brown sugar. It can reinforce the vital energy of the human body.
Eating pineapple
During the summer heat, Taiwan has the custom of eating pineapple, and folk people think pineapple tastes best in this season. In addition, the pronunciation of pineapple in Minnan is the same as "Wanglai", so it is also used as a symbol of praying for safty and good fortune and prosperous business.
Looking at fireflies in summer nights
The romance of midsummer nights is watching fireflies. Fireflies usually appear in overgrown places. The ancients thought that fireflies were changed by rotten grass, and they were poetic insects that greet the beginning of autumn in Major Heat. The clouds flowing in the night, the cicada singing in the treetops, and the faint and flickering little fluorescence like the Milky Way make this summer the most unforgettable.
大暑诗词
The poem of Major Heat
二十四节气自古以来指导着农事生产，影响着人们生活的方方面面。让我们一起从下面的两首古人的诗词中，窥探古人大暑时节的生活状态。
Twenty-four solar terms in Great Summer Poetry have guided agricultural production since ancient times and influenced all aspects of people"s lives. Let"s spy out the living conditions of the ancients in the great summer season from the following two ancient poems.
文字:曹倩影、邹叶
图片：网络
排版：林欣晨
责任编辑：乔星
