写其他国家应该采取什么措施和最后总结
How can we treat the pandemic COVID-19
第一段
This spring saw the outbreak of the pandemicCOVID-19. With the spread of the infectious disease reaching a boiling point, it follows thatsome countries are struggling with a lack of capacity, some countries are struggling with a lack of resources and some countries are struggling with a lack of resolve. Undoubtedly, the pandemic has cast a cloud onthe world and rung the bell loud and clear.
笔记：本段的写作手法是：主题句尽可能简洁，并且用到了拟人（saw）、重复或排比（some countries），隐喻（boiling point, cloud, ring the bell）。在句子的运用上，极力达到长短句搭配，有节奏感。思维逻辑上：主题句写疾病爆发，支撑句写结果。说明的是，中间这个重复本来是联合国的WHO的原句，我读后突然发现这样的重复也是很有艺术效果的，请细品。
the outbreak of the pandemic全球流行病的爆发
With the spread of随着…的传播
reach a boiling point达到沸点
it follows that…结果是
resolve决定
cast a cloud on罩上了一片阴霾
ring the bell loud and clear明显敲响了警钟
第二段
Luckily, it’s China that becomes the silver liningand sheds new light onthe virus with expertise to build up people’s confidence to defeat it. For one thing, doctors and nurses, despite the lack of necessary equipment andthe sword of Damocles hanging over their head, have become the backbone of the battle, voluntarily working on the front linesaround the clock. Indeed, they deserve all the admiration and love! For another, the whole Chinese would rather obediently stay at home isolatedthan go out in case of human-to-human transmission or droplet transmission. Those who were infected or in contact withthe infected shall be quarantinedand subjected tomedical observation. Its widely believed thatwith joint efforts China’s quick recovery is on the horizon.
笔记：本段的展开思维是：主题句写中国给世界带来了希望等，支撑句从两个方面写，先说医护人员的贡献，再写普通百姓的隔离。同样本段用到了很多修辞手法，例如比喻（silver lining，on the front lines）、习语比喻（达摩克里斯之剑，比喻病毒的危险）。至于句型：would rather do…than…; 首句强调句；末句It形式主语）。同时，luckily, indeed包括下文的admittedly, 上文的undoubtedly都是有意为之，以加强语气。
the silver lining一线希望
shed new light on为…做出新的解释
with expertise用专业知识
build up people’s confidence树立人们的信心
the sword of Damocles hanging over their head在他们头上的达摩克利斯之剑
the backbone of中坚力量
on the front lines在前线
around the clock全天候
obediently顺从地
isolated与外界隔离的（这里作状语）
in case of human-to-human transmission or droplet /ˈdrɒplət/ transmission以防人与人之间的传播或飞沫传播
in contact with接触
be quarantined /ˈkwɒrəntiːn/被隔离
be subjected to服从
medical observation医学观察
Its widely believed that人们普遍认为
on the horizon即将出现
第三段
So we call for other countries to take urgent and aggressive action. First, attitude counts. The challenge for many countries who are now dealing with large clusters or community transmissionis not whether they can do the same – it’s whether they will. Second, if countries detect, test, treat, isolate, trace, and mobilize their people in the response, those with a handful of cases can prevent those cases becoming clusters, and those clusters becoming community transmission. Last, great importance should be attached to sanitation, such as wearing masks when in the open air, washing hands frequently, and protecting wild animals instead of having them for food.
笔记：本段的部分语句是直接用了联合国WHO的。展开很简单，即: 主题句说措施，下面从三个方面展开。those clusters becoming community transmission是those clusters can prevent the cases becoming community transmission的省略形式，这种省略比较难做到的。
后面的when in the open air也是省略结构。
take urgent and aggressive action采取紧急和积极的行动
large clusters大型群体
community transmission社区传播
detect发现
trace追踪
mobilize动员
a handful of一些
sanitation卫生
wearing masks戴口罩
第四段
Admittedly, these measures are taking a heavy toll onsocieties and economies, just as they did in China. But all countries must strike a fine balancebetween protecting health, minimizing economic and social disruption, and respecting human rights. This is not just a public health crisis, it is a crisis that will touch every sector – Isn’t it an irony if we are just standers-byshouting empty slogansor looking for a scapegoatin the face ofthe deadly virus?
笔记：本段前面同样借用了联合国的WHO的句子，稍有修改。最后一句我用了反义疑问句。英语写作中以退为进是常见的写作方式，基本格式就是：Admittedly…but…诚然…但是…
最后一句用scapegoat也是我看到美国媒体用到的一个标题，说特朗普又要找替罪羊了（自然是中国），这个是我突然想到的，也可以说是灵感吧？shout empty slogans是江苏高考漫画作文中用过的。我特别喜欢用反义疑问句结尾，这样的修辞手法才能把我的此处得一腔怒火表达得淋漓尽致。
take a heavy toll on使…损失惨重
strike a fine balance保持良好的平衡
minimize economic and social disruption尽量减少经济和社会动荡
irony讽刺
standers-by旁观者
shout empty slogans喊空口号
look for a scapegoat寻找替罪羊（就是帅锅）
in the face of面对
deadly virus致命病毒
全文翻译
今年春天爆发了大流行性COVID-19。随着这一传染病的传播达到沸点，随之而来的是一些国家因缺乏能力而苦于应付。一些国家因缺乏资源而捉襟见肘。一些国家因缺乏决心而备受煎熬。毫无疑问，这场流行病给世界蒙上了一层阴影，敲响了响亮而清晰的警钟。
幸运的是，中国成为了全世界的一线希望，用极其专业的知识为病毒提供了新的线索，以建立人们战胜病毒的信心。一方面，医生和护士尽管缺乏必要的装备，并且头上悬着达摩克利斯之剑，却成了战斗的中坚力量，他们自愿 24小时在前线工作。的确，他们值得所有的钦佩和爱！另一方面，整个中国人宁愿乖乖地呆在家里与世隔绝，也不愿出门，以防人与人之间传播或飞沫传播。对染疫人和接触染疫人的人必须隔离，接受医学观察。人们普遍认为，在各方共同努力下，中国的快速复苏即将到来。
因此，我们呼吁其他国家采取紧急和积极的行动。首先，态度很重要。对于现在正在处理大型集群或社区传播问题的许多国家来说，问题不在于他们能否做到这一点，而在于是否愿意去做。第二，如果他们通过发现、检测、治疗、隔离、追踪并动员其人民参与应对，那么那些有少数病例的国家可以防止这些病例成为群体，而这些群体也不会形成群体传播。最后，要高度重视卫生工作，如在户外戴口罩，勤洗手，保护野生动物而不是以它们为食材。
诚然，这些措施正像在中国那样，给社会和经济带来沉重的损失。但所有国家都必须在保护健康、最大限度地减少经济和社会破坏以及尊重人权之间取得良好的平衡。这不仅仅是一场公共卫生危机，而是一场将触及每个部门的危机——如果我们只是站在一边喊着空洞的口号，或者在致命的病毒面前寻找替罪羊，这难道不是一种讽刺吗？
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附WHO原文：
WHO总干事：新冠疫情为“全球大流行”
Good afternoon.
In the past two weeks, the number of cases of COVID-19 outside China has increased 13-fold, and the number of affected countries has tripled.
There are now more than 118,000 cases in 114 countries, and 4,291 people have lost their lives.
Thousands more are fighting for their lives in hospitals.
In the days and weeks ahead, we expect to see the number of cases, the number of deaths, and the number of affected countries climb even higher.
WHO has been assessing this outbreak around the clock and we are deeply concerned both by the alarming levels of spread and severity, and by the alarming levels of inaction.
We have therefore made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic.
Pandemic is not a word to use lightly or carelessly. It is a word that, if misused, can cause unreasonable fear, or unjustified acceptance that the fight is over, leading to unnecessary suffering and death.
Describing the situation as a pandemic does not change WHO’s assessment of the threat posed by this virus. It doesn’t change what WHO is doing, and it doesn’t change what countries should do.
We have never before seen a pandemic sparked by a coronavirus. This is the first pandemic caused by a coronavirus.
And we have never before seen a pandemic that can be controlled, at the same time.
WHO has been in full response mode since we were notified of the first cases.
And we have called every day for countries to take urgent and aggressive action.
We have rung the alarm bell loud and clear.
As I said on Monday, just looking at the number of cases and the number of countries affected does not tell the full story.
Of the 118,000 cases reported globally in 114 countries, more than 90 percent of cases are in just four countries, and two of those – China and the Republic of Korea - have significantly declining epidemics.
81 countries have not reported any cases, and 57 countries have reported 10 cases or less.
We cannot say this loudly enough, or clearly enough, or often enough: all countries can still change the course of this pandemic.
If countries detect, test, treat, isolate, trace, and mobilize their people in the response, those with a handful of cases can prevent those cases becoming clusters, and those clusters becoming community transmission.
Even those countries with community transmission or large clusters can turn the tide on this virus.
Several countries have demonstrated that this virus can be suppressed and controlled.
The challenge for many countries who are now dealing with large clusters or community transmission is not whether they can do the same – it’s whether they will.
Some countries are struggling with a lack of capacity.
Some countries are struggling with a lack of resources.
Some countries are struggling with a lack of resolve.
We are grateful for the measures being taken in Iran, Italy and the Republic of Korea to slow the virus and control their epidemics.
We know that these measures are taking a heavy toll on societies and economies, just as they did in China.
All countries must strike a fine balance between protecting health, minimizing economic and social disruption, and respecting human rights.
WHO’s mandate is public health. But we’re working with many partners across all sectors to mitigate the social and economic consequences of this pandemic.
This is not just a public health crisis, it is a crisis that will touch every sector – so every sector and every individual must be involved in the fight.
I have said from the beginning that countries must take a whole-of-government, whole-of-society approach, built around a comprehensive strategy to prevent infections, save lives and minimize impact.
Let me summarize it in four key areas.
First, prepare and be ready.
Second, detect, protect and treat.
Third, reduce transmission.
Fourth, innovate and learn.
I remind all countries that we are calling on you to activate and scale up your emergency response mechanisms;
Communicate with your people about the risks and how they can protect themselves – this is everybody’s business;
Find, isolate, test and treat every case and trace every contact;
Ready your hospitals;
Protect and train your health workers.
And let’s all look out for each other, because we need each other.
===
There’s been so much attention on one word.
Let me give you some other words that matter much more, and that are much more actionable.
Prevention.
Preparedness.
Public health.
Political leadership.
And most of all, people.
We’re in this together, to do the right things with calm and protect the citizens of the world. It’s doable.
I thank you.
大家下午好。
过去两周，中国境外的COVID-19病例增加了12倍，受影响国家的数量增加了两倍。
目前，114个国家有11.8万多病例，4291人丧生。
数以千计的人正在医院里与生命搏斗。
在未来的几天和几周内，我们预计病例数、死亡人数和受影响国家数量将会进一步攀升。
世卫组织一直在昼夜不停地评估此次疫情，我们对令人震惊的疫情传播程度和严重程度深感担忧，也对令人震惊的无所作为程度深感担忧。
因此我们评估认为COVID-19已具有大流行特征。
大流行不是一个可以随意或轻率使用的词语。这个词语若被误用，会造成不应有的恐慌，或令人误以为抗击已于事无补，只能听天由命，因而导致不必要的痛苦和死亡。
将本次疫情称为大流行不会改变世卫组织对此病毒威胁的评估，不会改变世卫组织正在做的事情，也不会改变各国应该做的事情。
我们以前从未见过冠状病毒引发的大流行。这是首次由冠状病毒引发的大流行。
我们以前也从未见过可以得到控制的大流行。
世卫组织自获悉第一批病例以来，一直处于全面积极应对态势。
我们每天都在呼吁各国紧急采取大刀阔斧的行动。
我们已明白无误地拉响了警报。
正如我在周一所说过的，仅仅看病例数和受影响国家数目可能会以偏概全。
在全球114个国家报告的11.8万例病例中，90%以上的病例仅发生在4个国家，其中两个国家(中国和韩国)的疫情已呈明显下降趋势。
81个国家没有报告任何病例，57个国家报告了10例或不到10例病例。
我们必须反复和明确地大声疾呼：所有国家仍然可以改变这一疫情的走向。
如果各国发现、检测、治疗、隔离、追踪，并动员本国人民参与应对措施，那些有少数病例的国家就可以防止这些病例成为聚集性病例，而那些有聚集性病例的国家就可以防止其发展成为社区传播。
即便是那些有社区传播或大范围聚集性病例的国家也能扭转这种病毒的发展趋势。
一些国家已经证明这一病毒是可以被抑制和控制的。
对于许多正在应对大规模聚集性病例或社区传播的国家来说，面临的挑战不是它们是否能够抑制和控制病毒，而是它们是否愿意这样做。
一些国家因缺乏能力而苦于应付。
一些国家因缺乏资源而捉襟见肘。
一些国家因缺乏决心而备受煎熬。
我们感谢伊朗、意大利和韩国为减缓病毒和控制疫情所采取的措施。
我们知道，就像中国所蒙受的那样，这些措施给本国社会和经济带来沉重打击。
所有国家都必须在保护健康、最大限度地减少经济和社会混乱和尊重人权之间保持微妙的平衡。
世卫组织的任务是维护公众健康。同时，我们也正在与各个部门的伙伴合作，以减轻这一大流行病造成的社会和经济后果。
这不仅仅是一场公共卫生危机，这场危机将波及各行各业，因此，每个行业和每个人都必须参加这场战斗。
我从一开始就说过，各国必须采取政府上下一致和全社会的方法，实行统筹战略，预防感染，拯救生命，尽量减少影响。
我归纳为四大要点。
首先，做好准备和随时应对。
第二，检测、保护和治疗。
第三，减少传播。
第四，创新和学习。
我提醒所有国家，需要启动并扩大本国应急机制。
向本国人民讲解风险和如何保护自己。这事关所有的人。
发现、隔离、检测和治疗每个病例，并追踪每个接触者。
让你们的医院准备好。
保护和培训本国医务人员。
我们彼此相互需要，因此，我们必须守望相助。
人们从未对一个词语给予如此多的关注。让我送给大家一些更重要和更可行的词语。
预防。
准备。
公共卫生。
政治领导力。
最重要的是，人民。
让我们同舟共济，从容面对，正确行事，保护全世界人民。这是完全可以做到的。
谢谢大家。
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