Python 标准库非常庞大,所提供的组件涉及范围十分广泛,正如以下内容目录所显示的。这个库包含了多个内置模块 (以 C 编写),Python 程序员必须依靠它们来实现系统级功能,例如文件 I/O,此外还有大量以 Python 编写的模块,提供了日常编程中许多问题的标准解决方案。其中有些模块经过专门设计,通过将特定平台功能抽象化为平台中立的 API 来鼓励和加强 Python 程序的可移植性。
概述 可用性注释内置函数内置常量 由site
模块添加的常量内置类型 逻辑值检测布尔运算 ---and
,or
,not
比较数字类型 ---int
,float
,complex
迭代器类型序列类型 ---list
,tuple
,range
文本序列类型 ---str
二进制序列类型 ---bytes
,bytearray
,memoryview
集合类型 ---set
,frozenset
映射类型 ---dict
上下文管理器类型其他内置类型特殊属性内置异常 基类具体异常警告异常层次结构文本处理服务string
--- 常见的字符串操作re
--- 正则表达式操作difflib
--- 计算差异的辅助工具textwrap
--- 文本自动换行与填充unicodedata
--- Unicode 数据库stringprep
--- 因特网字符串预备readline
--- GNU readline 接口rlcompleter
--- GNU readline 的补全函数二进制数据服务struct
--- 将字节串解读为打包的二进制数据codecs
--- 编解码器注册和相关基类数据类型datetime
--- 基本的日期和时间类型calendar
--- 日历相关函数collections
--- 容器数据类型collections.abc
--- 容器的抽象基类heapq
--- 堆队列算法bisect
--- 数组二分查找算法array
--- 高效的数值数组weakref
--- 弱引用types
--- 动态类型创建和内置类型名称copy
--- 浅层 (shallow) 和深层 (deep) 复制操作pprint
--- 数据美化输出reprlib
--- 另一种repr()
实现enum
--- 对枚举的支持数字和数学模块numbers
--- 数字的抽象基类math
--- 数学函数cmath
--- 关于复数的数学函数decimal
--- 十进制定点和浮点运算fractions
--- 分数random
--- 生成伪随机数statistics
--- 数学统计函数函数式编程模块itertools
--- 为高效循环而创建迭代器的函数functools
--- 高阶函数和可调用对象上的操作operator
--- 标准运算符替代函数文件和目录访问pathlib
--- 面向对象的文件系统路径os.path
--- 常用路径操作fileinput
--- Iterate over lines from multiple input streamsstat
--- Interpretingstat()
resultsfilecmp
--- 文件及目录的比较tempfile
--- 生成临时文件和目录glob
--- Unix style pathname pattern expansionfnmatch
--- Unix 文件名模式匹配linecache
--- 随机读写文本行shutil
--- 高阶文件操作数据持久化pickle
--- Python 对象序列化copyreg
--- 注意pickle
支持函数shelve
--- Python object persistencemarshal
--- Internal Python object serializationdbm
--- Interfaces to Unix "databases"sqlite3
--- SQLite 数据库 DB-API 2.0 接口模块数据压缩和存档zlib
--- 与gzip兼容的压缩gzip
--- 对gzip格式的支持bz2
--- 对bzip2压缩算法的支持lzma
--- 用 LZMA 算法压缩zipfile
--- 使用ZIP存档tarfile
--- 读写tar归档文件文件格式csv
--- CSV 文件读写configparser
--- Configuration file parsernetrc
--- netrc file processingxdrlib
--- Encode and decode XDR dataplistlib
--- Generate and parse Mac OS X.plist
files加密服务hashlib
--- 安全哈希与消息摘要hmac
--- 基于密钥的消息验证secrets
--- Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets通用操作系统服务os
--- 各种各样的操作系统接口io
--- 处理流的核心工具time
--- 时间的访问和转换argparse
--- 命令行选项、参数和子命令解析器getopt
--- C-style parser for command line optionslogging
--- Python 的日志记录工具logging.config
--- 日志记录配置logging.handlers
--- 日志处理getpass
--- 便携式密码输入工具curses
--- 终端字符单元显示的处理curses.textpad
--- Text input widget for curses programscurses.ascii
--- Utilities for ASCII characterscurses.panel
--- A panel stack extension for cursesplatform
--- 获取底层平台的标识数据errno
--- Standard errno system symbolsctypes
--- Python 的外部函数库并发执行threading
--- 基于线程的并行multiprocessing
--- 基于进程的并行multiprocessing.shared_memory
--- 可从进程直接访问的共享内存concurrent
包concurrent.futures
--- 启动并行任务subprocess
--- 子进程管理sched
--- 事件调度器queue
--- 一个同步的队列类_thread
--- 底层多线程 API_dummy_thread
---_thread
的替代模块dummy_threading
--- 可直接替代threading
模块。contextvars
--- Context Variables Context VariablesManual Context Managementasyncio support网络和进程间通信asyncio
--- 异步 I/Osocket
--- 底层网络接口ssl
--- TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objectsselect
--- 等待 I/O 完成selectors
--- 高级 I/O 复用库asyncore
--- 异步socket处理器asynchat
--- 异步 socket 指令/响应 处理器signal
--- 设置异步事件处理程序mmap
--- 内存映射文件支持互联网数据处理email
--- 电子邮件与 MIME 处理包json
--- JSON 编码和解码器mailcap
--- Mailcap file handlingmailbox
--- Manipulate mailboxes in various formatsmimetypes
--- Map filenames to MIME typesbase64
--- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 数据编码binhex
--- 对binhex4文件进行编码和解码binascii
--- 二进制和 ASCII 码互转quopri
--- 编码与解码经过 MIME 转码的可打印数据uu
--- 对 uuencode 文件进行编码与解码结构化标记处理工具html
--- 超文本标记语言支持html.parser
--- 简单的 HTML 和 XHTML 解析器html.entities
--- HTML 一般实体的定义XML处理模块xml.etree.ElementTree
--- ElementTree XML APIxml.dom
--- The Document Object Model APIxml.dom.minidom
--- Minimal DOM implementationxml.dom.pulldom
--- Support for building partial DOM treesxml.sax
--- Support for SAX2 parsersxml.sax.handler
--- Base classes for SAX handlersxml.sax.saxutils
--- SAX Utilitiesxml.sax.xmlreader
--- Interface for XML parsersxml.parsers.expat
--- Fast XML parsing using Expat互联网协议和支持webbrowser
--- 方便的Web浏览器控制器cgi
--- Common Gateway Interface supportcgitb
--- 用于 CGI 脚本的回溯管理器wsgiref
--- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementationurllib
--- URL 处理模块urllib.request
--- 用于打开 URL 的可扩展库urllib.response
--- urllib 使用的 Response 类urllib.parse
--- Parse URLs into componentsurllib.error
--- urllib.request 引发的异常类urllib.robotparser
--- robots.txt 语法分析程序http
--- HTTP 模块http.client
--- HTTP 协议客户端ftplib
--- FTP 协议客户端poplib
--- POP3 protocol clientimaplib
--- IMAP4 protocol clientnntplib
--- NNTP protocol clientsmtplib
---SMTP协议客户端smtpd
--- SMTP 服务器telnetlib
--- Telnet clientuuid
--- UUID objects according toRFC 4122socketserver
--- A framework for network servershttp.server
--- HTTP 服务器http.cookies
--- HTTP状态管理http.cookiejar
—— HTTP 客户端的 Cookie 处理xmlrpc
--- XMLRPC 服务端与客户端模块xmlrpc.client
--- XML-RPC client accessxmlrpc.server
--- Basic XML-RPC serversipaddress
--- IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library多媒体服务audioop
--- Manipulate raw audio dataaifc
--- Read and write AIFF and AIFC filessunau
--- 读写 Sun AU 文件wave
--- 读写WAV格式文件chunk
--- Read IFF chunked datacolorsys
--- 颜色系统间的转换imghdr
--- 推测图像类型sndhdr
--- 推测声音文件的类型ossaudiodev
--- Access to OSS-compatible audio devices国际化gettext
--- 多语种国际化服务locale
--- 国际化服务程序框架turtle
--- 海龟绘图cmd
--- 支持面向行的命令解释器shlex
--- Simple lexical analysisTk图形用户界面(GUI)tkinter
--- Tcl/Tk的Python接口tkinter.ttk
--- Tk主题小部件tkinter.tix
--- Extension widgets for Tktkinter.scrolledtext
--- 滚动文字控件IDLE其他图形用户界面(GUI)包开发工具typing
--- 类型标注支持pydoc
--- Documentation generator and online help systemdoctest
--- 测试交互性的Python示例unittest
--- 单元测试框架unittest.mock
--- mock对象库unittest.mock
上手指南2to3 - 自动将 Python 2 代码转为 Python 3 代码test
--- Regression tests package for Pythontest.support
--- Utilities for the Python test suitetest.support.script_helper
--- Utilities for the Python execution tests调试和分析 审核事件表bdb
--- Debugger frameworkfaulthandler
--- Dump the Python tracebackpdb
--- Python的调试器Python Profilers 分析器timeit
--- 测量小代码片段的执行时间trace
--- Trace or track Python statement executiontracemalloc
--- 跟踪内存分配软件打包和分发distutils
--- 构建和安装 Python 模块ensurepip
--- Bootstrapping thepip
installervenv
--- 创建虚拟环境zipapp
--- Manage executable Python zip archivesPython运行时服务sys
--- 系统相关的参数和函数sysconfig
--- Provide access to Python's configuration informationbuiltins
--- 内建对象__main__
--- 顶层脚本环境warnings
--- Warning controldataclasses
--- 数据类contextlib
--- Utilities forwith
-statement contextsabc
--- 抽象基类atexit
--- 退出处理器traceback
--- 打印或检索堆栈回溯__future__
--- Future 语句定义gc
--- 垃圾回收器接口inspect
--- 检查对象site
--- Site-specific configuration hook自定义 Python 解释器code
--- 解释器基类codeop
--- 编译Python代码导入模块zipimport
--- Import modules from Zip archivespkgutil
--- Package extension utilitymodulefinder
--- 查找脚本使用的模块runpy
--- Locating and executing Python modulesimportlib
---import
的实现Using importlib.metadataPython 语言服务parser
--- Access Python parse treesast
--- 抽象语法树symtable
--- Access to the compiler's symbol tablessymbol
--- 与 Python 解析树一起使用的常量token
--- 与Python解析树一起使用的常量keyword
--- 检验Python关键字tokenize
--- Tokenizer for Python sourcetabnanny
--- 模糊缩进检测pyclbr
--- Python class browser supportpy_compile
--- Compile Python source filescompileall
--- Byte-compile Python librariesdis
--- Python 字节码反汇编器pickletools
--- Tools for pickle developers杂项服务formatter
--- Generic output formattingWindows系统相关模块msilib
--- Read and write Microsoft Installer filesmsvcrt
--- Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtimewinreg
--- Windows 注册表访问winsound
--- Sound-playing interface for WindowsUnix 专有服务posix
--- The most common POSIX system callspwd
--- 用户密码数据库spwd
--- The shadow password databasegrp
--- The group databasecrypt
--- Function to check Unix passwordstermios
--- POSIX style tty controltty
--- 终端控制功能pty
--- Pseudo-terminal utilitiesfcntl
--- Thefcntl
andioctl
system callspipes
--- Interface to shell pipelinesresource
--- Resource usage informationnis
--- Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages)Unix syslog 库例程被取代的模块optparse
--- 解析器的命令行选项imp
--- Access theimportinternals未创建文档的模块 平台特定模块