自学python的数据分析，爬虫后，花了几天时间看视频学习Flask做了一个简单的股票查询网页。本来还想着加入一些其他功能，比如财务指标分析，舆情分析，最完美的想法是做成一个股票评分系统，输入股票代码可以自动输出分析结果和最终评分以及排名。但是限于没有服务器（不想花钱买）于是先到此为止，后面计划先实现股票评分的本地系统化，然后有机会再部署到网站上。有类似想法的欢迎交流~
先放一张最终效果图。网页左上角输入股票代码，可以在下方显示实时行情、历史走势、股评词云等信息。这是本菜鸡第一次开发网页，所以是非常简单的版本。后面想要继续实现本地化的打分系统，因为虽然同花顺等炒股软件包含智能筛选功能，但是缺少一些个性化的分析指标，不知道我的这个想法是否可行？有没有价值去做？求建议！
前端页面输入股票代码传到后端，即可从网易财经、腾讯财经提供的数据接口api爬取相关股票的数据，然后利用ajax和exharts呈现到网页上。右下方的词云图是从东方财富爬取的股评信息后制作的。
具体实现过程一共花了不到一周时间，下面是全部文档信息。主要文件有四个，app.py为flask写的后端，main.html和main.css写前端，utils.py写了一些爬虫和数据处理的函数。
下面分别贴出4个文档的代码，可能包括一些冗余信息（连接mysql的一些操作,之前想做财务指标呈现是用到的)。
1 app.py
flask写的后端，模式比较固定，难点在于前后台数据的交互（用到ajax)。
from flask import Flaskfrom flask import requestfrom flask import render_templatefrom flask import jsonify# import pymysqlimport uitlsimport sysfrom jieba.analyse import extract_tagsimport string# sys.setrecursionlimit(100000)stock_id = '600009'app = Flask(__name__)@app.route("/be")def get_data():data = uitls.get_be_data(str(stock_id))return jsonify({"股票名称": data[1],"当前价格": data[3],"成交量": data[6],"涨跌幅": data[32],"流通市值": data[44]})@app.route("/his", methods=["get", "post"])def get_history_data():msg = uitls.get_history_data(str(stock_id))print(msg)print(type(msg))return jsonify({"日期":msg['日期'],"开盘价":msg['开盘价'],"收盘价":msg['收盘价'],"最低价":msg['最低价'],"最高价":msg['最高价']})# jsonify({"日期": msg['日期'][0],"开盘价":msg['开盘价'][0]})@app.route("/gp", methods=["get", "post"])def get_guping():data = uitls.get_guping(stock_id)d = []for i in data:k = i.rstrip(string.digits)v = i[len(k):]ks = extract_tags(k)# print(v)for j in ks:if not j.isdigit():d.append({'name': j, 'value': v})return jsonify({'kws':d})@app.route("/time", methods=["get", "post"])def get_time():return uitls.get_time()@app.route("/", methods=["get", "post"])def input_id():return render_template("main.html")@app.route("/ind", methods=["get", "post"])def get_id():global stock_idstock_id = request.values.get("股票代码")print(stock_id)return render_template("main.html")if __name__ == '__main__':app.run()
2.main.html
这里包含了echarts中的K线图和词云图模板，所以看起来比较长。
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head link rel="shortcut icon" href="#" /><meta charset="utf-8"><title>股票数据</title><script src="../static/js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script><script src="../static/js/echarts.min.js"></script><script src="../static/js/echarts-wordcloud.min.js"></script><link href = "../static/css/main.css" rel = "stylesheet"/></head><body><div id = "title">股票查询</div><form action="/ind">股票代码 <input name = "股票代码" placeholder="请输入股票代码"><button>提交</button></form><div id = "tim">我是时间</div><div id = "be"><div class ="tex"><h2>股票名称</h2></div><div class ="tex"><h2>当前价格</h2></div><div class ="tex"><h2>成交量</h2></div><div class ="tex"><h2>涨跌幅</h2></div><div class ="tex"><h2>流通市值</h2></div><div class ="num"><h1>123</h1></div><div class ="num"><h1>123</h1></div><div class ="num"><h1>123</h1></div><div class ="num"><h1>123</h1></div><div class ="num"><h1>123</h1></div></div><div id="bl" style="width: 800px;height:435px;">我是瞎做</div><script>var hisdata = echarts.init(document.getElementById('bl'));var upColor = '#ec0000';var upBorderColor = '#8A0000';var downColor = '#00da3c';var downBorderColor = '#008F28'; hisdata_option = {title: {text: '历史趋势',left: 0},tooltip: {trigger: 'axis',axisPointer: {type: 'cross'}},legend: {data: ['日K', 'MA5', 'MA10', 'MA20', 'MA30']},grid: {left: '10%',right: '10%',bottom: '15%'},xAxis: {type: 'category',data: [],scale: true,boundaryGap: false,axisLine: {onZero: false},splitLine: {show: false},splitNumber: 20,min: 'dataMin',max: 'dataMax'},yAxis: {scale: true,splitArea: {show: true}},dataZoom: [{type: 'inside',start: 50,end: 100},{show: true,type: 'slider',top: '90%',start: 50,end: 100}],series: [{name: '日K',type: 'candlestick',data: [],itemStyle: {color: upColor,color0: downColor,borderColor: upBorderColor,borderColor0: downBorderColor},markPoint: {label: {normal: {formatter: function (param) {return param != null ? Math.round(param.value) : '';}}},data: [{name: 'XX标点',coord: ['/5/31', 2300],value: 2300,itemStyle: {color: 'rgb(41,60,85)'}},{name: 'highest value',type: 'max',valueDim: 'highest'},{name: 'lowest value',type: 'min',valueDim: 'lowest'},{name: 'average value on close',type: 'average',valueDim: 'close'}],tooltip: {formatter: function (param) {return param.name + '<br>' + (param.data.coord || '');}}},markLine: {symbol: ['none', 'none'],data: [[{name: 'from lowest to highest',type: 'min',valueDim: 'lowest',symbol: 'circle',symbolSize: 10,label: {show: false},emphasis: {label: {show: false}}},{type: 'max',valueDim: 'highest',symbol: 'circle',symbolSize: 10,label: {show: false},emphasis: {label: {show: false}}}],{name: 'min line on close',type: 'min',valueDim: 'close'},{name: 'max line on close',type: 'max',valueDim: 'close'}]}},{name: 'MA5',type: 'line',data: '',smooth: true,lineStyle: {opacity: 0.5}},{name: 'MA10',type: 'line',data: '',smooth: true,lineStyle: {opacity: 0.5}},{name: 'MA20',type: 'line',data: '',smooth: true,lineStyle: {opacity: 0.5}},{name: 'MA30',type: 'line',data: '',smooth: true,lineStyle: {opacity: 0.5}},]};</script><div id="br" style="width: 800px;height:435px;">我是下游</div><script>var gp = echarts.init(document.getElementById('br'));var ddd = [{name: 'Farrah Abraham',value: 366,// Style of single text}];var maskResource = new Image()maskResource.src=image1;gp_option = {title:{text: '股评词云图',left:'center',},//数据可以点击tooltip:{show:false},series: [{type: 'wordCloud',// The shape of the "cloud" to draw. Can be any polar equation represented as a// callback function, or a keyword present. Available presents are circle (default),// cardioid (apple or heart shape curve, the most known polar equation), diamond (// alias of square), triangle-forward, triangle, (alias of triangle-upright, pentagon, and star.shape: 'circle',// A silhouette image which the white area will be excluded from drawing texts.// The shape option will continue to apply as the shape of the cloud to grow.// maskImage: maskResource,// // Folllowing left/top/width/height/right/bottom are used for positioning the word cloud// // Default to be put in the center and has 75% x 80% size.left: 'center',top: 'center',width: '70%',height: '80%',right: null,bottom: null,// Text size range which the value in data will be mapped to.// Default to have minimum 12px and maximum 60px size.sizeRange: [12, 60],// Text rotation range and step in degree. Text will be rotated randomly in range [-90, 90] by rotationStep 45rotationRange: [-90, 90],rotationStep: 45,// size of the grid in pixels for marking the availability of the canvas// the larger the grid size, the bigger the gap between words.gridSize: 8,// set to true to allow word being draw partly outside of the canvas.// Allow word bigger than the size of the canvas to be drawndrawOutOfBound: false,// Global text styletextStyle: {normal: {fontFamily: 'sans-serif',fontWeight: 'bold',// Color can be a callback function or a color stringcolor: function () {// Random colorreturn 'rgb(' + [Math.round(Math.random() * 160),Math.round(Math.random() * 160),Math.round(Math.random() * 160)].join(',') + ')';}},emphasis: {shadowBlur: 10,shadowColor: '#333'}},// Data is an array. Each array item must have name and value property.data: [{name: 'Farrah Abraham',value: 366,// Style of single text}]}]}</script><script >function getatime(){$.ajax({url:"/time",success:function(d){$("#tim").html(d)},error:function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){console.log(jqXHR.responseText);}})}function get_be_data(){$.ajax({url:"/be",success:function(data){$(".num h1").eq(0).text(data['股票名称'])$(".num h1").eq(1).text(data['当前价格'])$(".num h1").eq(2).text(data['成交量'])$(".num h1").eq(3).text(data['涨跌幅'])$(".num h1").eq(4).text(data['流通市值'])},error:function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){console.log(jqXHR.responseText);}})}function get_guping(){$.ajax({url:"/gp",success:function(data){gp_option.series[0].data = data.kws;gp.setOption(gp_option);},error:function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){console.log(jqXHR.responseText);}})}function get_his_data(){$.ajax({url:"/his",success:function(msg){var datalen = msg['日期'].lengthk_time =[]k_value = []for (var i = 0; i < datalen; i++) {k_time.push(msg['日期'][i]);k_value.push([msg['开盘价'][i],msg['收盘价'][i],msg['最低价'][i],msg['最高价'][i]]) } console.log(k_time)console.log(k_value)function calculateMA(dayCount) {var result = [];for (var i = 0, len = k_value.length; i < len; i++) {if (i < dayCount) {result.push('-');continue;}var sum = 0;for (var j = 0; j < dayCount; j++) {sum += k_value[i - j][1];}result.push(sum / dayCount);}return result;}hisdata_option.xAxis.data = k_time;hisdata_option.series[0].data = k_value;hisdata_option.series[1].data = calculateMA(5);hisdata_option.series[2].data = calculateMA(10);hisdata_option.series[3].data = calculateMA(20);hisdata_option.series[4].data = calculateMA(30);hisdata.setOption(hisdata_option);},error:function(){console.log("获取失败");}})}setInterval(getatime,1000)setInterval(get_be_data,1000)get_his_data()get_guping()</script></body></html>
3 .main.css
用于网页整体布局。
body{margin: 0;background: #333;}#title{position: absolute;width: 40%;height: 10%;top: 0;left: 30%;/* background-color: #666666; */color: white;font-size: 30px;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;}#ins{position: absolute;width: 40%;height: 20%;top: 10%;left: 0;background-color: grey;}#tim{position: absolute;/* width: 30%; */height: 10%;top: 5%;right: 2%;color: #FFFFFF;font-size: 20px;/* background-color: green;*/}#be{position: absolute;width: 100%;height: 30%;top: 10%;left: 0;color: white;/* background-color: #777777; */}#bl{position: absolute;width: 50%;height: 60%;top: 40%;left: 0;background-color: #888888;}#br{position: absolute;width: 50%;height: 60%;top: 40%;left: 50%;background-color: #999999;}.num{width: 20%;float: left;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;color:yellow;font-size: 20px;}.tex{width: 20%;float: left;font-family: "幼圆";display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;
4.utils.py
写了一些用于爬取数据和处理数据的函数。
import timeimport pymysqlimport urllib.requestimport pandas as pdimport requestsimport refrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupdef get_time():time_str = time.strftime("%Y{}%m{}%d{} %X")return time_str.format("年", "月", "日")def get_conn():conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', password='', db='stock', charset='utf8')cursor = conn.cursor()return conn,cursordef close_conn(conn,cursor):cursor.close()conn.close()def query(sql,*args):conn,cursor = get_conn()cursor.execute(sql,args)res = cursor.fetchall()close_conn(conn,cursor)return res# def get_be_data(*args):#sql = "SELECT * FROM hangqing where stockid = %s"#res = query(sql, args)#print(res)#return res[0]def get_be_data(code):url = '/q=sh' + str(code)content = urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=2).read()content = content.decode("gbk").encode("utf-8").decode("utf8", "ignore")content = content.split('~')return contentdef get_history_data(code):url = 'http://quotes./service/chddata.html?code=0'+str(code)try:content = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read()content = content.decode("gbk").encode("utf-8")with open('E:/hisdata.csv', 'wb')as f:f.write(content)data = pd.read_csv('E:/hisdata.csv')# data = data.to_dict('record')data = data[["日期","开盘价","收盘价","最低价","最高价"]]# print(data)data = data.to_dict()data['日期'] = list(data['日期'].values())data['开盘价'] = list(data['开盘价'].values())data['收盘价'] = list(data['收盘价'].values())data['最低价'] = list(data['最低价'].values())data['最高价'] = list(data['最高价'].values())data['日期'] = data['日期'][::-1]data['开盘价'] = data['开盘价'][::-1]data['收盘价'] = data['收盘价'][::-1]data['最低价'] = data['最低价'][::-1]data['最高价'] = data['最高价'][::-1]except Exception as e:print(e)return datadef get_guping(id):max_page = 2 # input('请输入爬取页数')b = []# head = {'User-Agent':' Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36'}for page in range(1, int(max_page) + 1):url = '/list,{}_{}.html'.format(id, page)res = requests.get(url)soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')urllist = soup.find_all('div', {'class': 'articleh'})for i in urllist:if i.find('a') != None:try:title = i.find('a').get_text()yuedu = i.find('span',{'class':'l1 a1'}).get_text()# time = i.find('span', {'class': 'l5 a5'}).get_text()# a = [title + yuedu]b.append(title + yuedu)except Exception as e:print(e)passreturn b[7:]if __name__ == '__main__':msg = get_guping(600002)print(msg)
后面想要继续实现本地化的打分系统，因为虽然同花顺等炒股软件包含智能筛选功能，但是缺少一些个性化的分析指标，不知道我的这个想法是否可行？有没有价值去做？求建议！
