互联网
(1)未来将是一个网络无处不在的世界,任何东西都可以进行<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLuWczPvmzrjmLm16LnHRv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkP1mdrjfLnjbYnj6LnHb3rH6s" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">网络互联</a>,我们可以在我们能够达到的任何地方对我们想要了解的任何东西进行搜索和远程控制。这是一个总体的宏伟设想。未来网络通信的带宽将会是我们现在想象不到的,未来上网应该是不受时间、带宽等限制的。我们可以随心所欲,但不能为所欲为,那时候的控制机制应该更合理,更强大。反正就是以我们现在的思维无法想象的到的。举个简单的例子:就像几十年前计算机是一种很昂贵的东西,当时的IBM老总曾预言过未来的世界有几台、十几台计算机就不错了,而发展到现在呢?好多人都有好几台<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLuWczPvmzrjmLm16LnHRv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkP1mdrjfLnjbYnj6LnHb3rH6s" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">个人计算机</a>,而性能远远超过了那些古董级的计算机。我认为未来网络发展的主要方向应该是向着以下几个方向发展:1.网络无处不在,任何东西都要连入互联网,那时估计也没有太多的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLuWczPvmzrjmLm16LnHRv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkP1mdrjfLnjbYnj6LnHb3rH6s" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">网络终端</a>,只需要几种集成的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLuWczPvmzrjmLm16LnHRv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkP1mdrjfLnjbYnj6LnHb3rH6s" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">网络终端</a>即可,将各种功能集成到同一台<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLuWczPvmzrjmLm16LnHRv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkP1mdrjfLnjbYnj6LnHb3rH6s" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">网络终端</a>上面,我们可以<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E9%9A%8F%E6%97%B6%E9%9A%8F%E5%9C%B0&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLuWczPvmzrjmLm16LnHRv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkP1mdrjfLnjbYnj6LnHb3rH6s" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">随时随地</a>的无缝的接入互联网。2.带宽成本大大降低,上网将会是非常非常便宜的。但是网速就快的是我们无法想象的。3.安全问题一直是网络的非常值得重视的问题,那时网络的安全性应该是可以做出保证的。近期网络的发展应该还是以无线网络为重点,各种可移动终端将会在未来几年,甚至十几年内红极一时。各种更方便,更可靠的服务也会应运而生。无线上网的带宽会逐渐上去的,今年是第三代网络(3G)开始高速发展的第一年,以后还会有4G、5G...NG。如果未来的某一天<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=IPV6&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLuWczPvmzrjmLm16LnHRv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkP1mdrjfLnjbYnj6LnHb3rH6s" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">IPV6</a>技术成熟了,我们使用的任何接入互联网的终端设备都可以分配到一个IP地址,访问该会是多么方便啊。总之我是对未来网络发展充满了期待,我相信明天的网络会更好,好到以我们现在的思维无法想象的到!!!
(2)<div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1; font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;">第一层是硬件,主要指<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/551712.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">数据存储</a>、处理和传输的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/23880.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">主机</a>和网络通信设备;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1; font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;">第二层是指软件,包括可用来搜集、存储、<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/677662.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">检索</a>、分析、应用、评估信息的各种软件,它包括我们通常所指的ERP(<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/109408.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">企业资源计划</a>)、CRM(<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/10090.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">客户关系管理</a>)、SCM(供应链管理)等商用<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/44266.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">管理软件</a>,也包括用来加强流程管理的WF(<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/60285.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">工作流</a>)管理软件、辅助分析的DW/DM(数据仓库和数据挖掘)软件等;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1; font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;">第三层是指应用,指搜集、存储、检索、分析、应用、评估使用各种信息,包括应用ERP、CRM、SCM等软件直接辅助决策,也包括利用其它决策分析模型或借助DW/DM等技术手段来进一步提高分析的质量,辅助决策者作决策(强调一点,只是辅助而不是替代人决策)。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1; font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;">有些人理解的互联网技术把前二层合二为一,统指信息的存储、处理和传输,后者则为信息的应用;也有人把后二层合二为一,则划分为前硬后软。通常第三层还没有得到足够的重视,但事实上却是唯有当信息得到有效应用时IT的价值才能得到充分发挥,也才真正实现了信息化的目标。信息化本身不是目标,它只是在当前时代背景下一种实现目标比较好的一种手段。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1; font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/605698.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">卡尔</a>的互联网技术是指什么呢?在那篇文章里面他并没有明确提出,不过他提到信息技术的核心功能--<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/551712.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">数据存储</a>、处理和传输。从他推理的逻辑来看,即从蒸汽机、铁路、电报电话、电力等基础设施建设推过来的,还用<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/17904.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">摩尔定律</a>来佐证主机和光纤的发展。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1; font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;">互联网技术这一概念上是经常含混不清:一会儿指主机网络,一会儿又指软件。信息技术本身只是一个工具,就象一柄利剑或一枝好笔。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1; font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;"><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">数据(Data)=事实的记录,如上季度甲系列产品在<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/417529.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">华东地区</a>销售额为120万。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">信息=(Information)=数据+ 意义,如上<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/750983.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">季度</a>甲系列产品华东地区销售额比去年同期减少了25 %。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">智能(Intelligence)=信息+理解(understanding)与推理(reasoning),如分析原因是华东地区销售单位不行,或甲系列产品进入了衰退期,还是公司整体营销活动落后,<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/177939.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">竞争者</a>强力促销导致?或是其它原因。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">知识(Knowledge) =解决问题的技能(skill),针对这一问题公司应对的策略是什么?</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">智慧(Wisdom) =知识的选择(Selection) 应对的行动方案可能有多种,但(战略)选择哪个*智慧。行动则又会产生新的交易数据。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术的普遍应用,是进入信息社会的标志。不同的人和不同的书上对此有不同解释。但一个基本上大家都同意的观点是,IT有以下三部分组成:</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">-----<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1292579.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">传感技术</a>这是人的感觉器官的延伸与拓展,最明显的例子是条码阅读器;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">-----<span style="font-weight: 700;">通信技术</span>这是人的神经系统的延伸与拓展,承担传递信息的功能;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">-----计算机技术这是人的大脑功能延伸与拓展,承担对信息进行处理的功能。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">所谓信息化是用信息技术来改造其他产业与行业,从而提高企业的效益。在这个过程中信息技术承担了一个得力工具的角色。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">顺便说一句何谓IT产业,有一个大致的分类,可以供大家参考:</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术基础技术的提供 IC研发、软件编写 如INTEL、MS等;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术技术产品化、元器件、部件、组件制造 如精英、大众等;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术产品集成化、计算机及外设制造商。如:联想、IBM;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术产品系统化、解决方案、信息系统。如:华为、HP;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术产品流通、渠道、销售。如:神州数码;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术产品服务、咨询服务和售后服务。如:蓝色快车;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术产业舆论支持、IT类媒体。如:CCW、CCID;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术产业第三方服务、各种需要配套的服务。如:法律咨询、PR服务;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术后备人员培养、各种院校。如:计算机专业;</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">互联网技术产业合作组织、各种协会、集会。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/106652.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">集成测试</a>的整个周期将系统性地包括软件接收测试、端到端测试、电视画面合成测试、<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/170112.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">系统测试</a>、用户<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/649815.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">验收测试</a>、多运动项目综合测试及技术演练等等。其目的是确保各IT系统具备所需的功能及可靠性,从而顺利地为北京奥运会服务。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1936年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">英国数学家A.M.Turing发明图灵机,为现代计算机硬件和软件做了理论上的准备。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1942年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">世界上第一台电子计算机ABC研制成功,它有300个真空管,采用<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/18536.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">二进制</a>,基本<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1188494.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">体系结构</a>与现代计算机已无二致。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1943年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">英国计算机“巨人”投入运行。不过1970年之前对它一直保密。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1945年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">现代计算机之父:<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/20003.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">冯·诺依曼</a>第一次提出<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/2083958.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">存储程序</a>计算机的概念,即“冯·诺依曼机器”。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1946年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">2月10日,电子数字积分机和计算机诞生。它装有18000个真空管,总重量达30吨,耗资近50万美元,是世界上第一台多功能、全<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/907732.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">电子数字计算机</a>,可以实现每分钟几千次乘法运算。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1946年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">5月<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/74006.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">英国剑桥大学</a>研制成功第一台<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/20003.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">冯·诺依曼</a>机器EDSAC。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1947年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">12月23日,美国贝尔电话实验室发明了世界上第一个晶体管。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1948年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/144536.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">曼彻斯特大学</a>开发出世界首台存储程序机Baby。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1950年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Engineering Research Associates制造出世界上第一台商用计算机ERA 1101。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1951年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">第一台数字式计算机UNIVAC1为美国人口普查创建。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1952年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Grace Hopper勾画出第一个“<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/454895.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">编译程序</a>”蓝图,即将所有程序在执行之前都翻译成<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/111847.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">机器语言</a>,为计算机商用做出重大贡献。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1955年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Grace Hopper开发出A-3<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/487018.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">编译器</a>Math-Matic。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1956年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">世界上第一台采用晶体管元件的电脑研制成功。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">第一条跨越大西洋的电话电缆敷设完成。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Bell实验室开发出可视电话样机。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1957年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM设计出世界上第一个计算机硬盘RAMAC 350,直径24英寸、总容量5<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/3592561.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">兆字节</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM开发出<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/14701.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">FORTRAN语言</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1958年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">第一台商用<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/380249.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">电子管计算机</a>Univac Model 80发布。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">MIT John McCarthy开始开发<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/157313.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Lisp语言</a>,1960年完成。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1959年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">世界上第一块<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1355.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">集成电路</a>问世。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">发表了Cobol语言规格,于1961年完成。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1964年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM发布IBM System/360计算机。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1965年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">DEC推出真正被业界认可的世界上第一台标准<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/81485.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">小型机</a>PDP-8。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">美国Dartmouth 学院的Thomas E.Kurtz 和 John Kemeny 开发出<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/329004.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Basic语言</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">世界上第一部<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/128483.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">程控电话交换机</a>—美国<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1660018.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">贝尔系统</a>1号电子交换机问世。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">国际卫星通信组织发射了一颗半试验半实用的静止(同步)通信卫星,标志着同步卫星通信时代的开始。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1967年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">美国《Computerworld》报创刊。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM推出世界上第一张<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/52940.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">软盘</a>,直径为32英寸。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/2773.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">瑞士</a>的Njklaus Wirth 在 Algol的基础上开始开发<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/765708.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Pascal语言</a>,于1971年完成。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1968年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM开发出世界上第一个<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/68446.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">数据库管理系统</a>IMS。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/4918.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">挪威</a>计算中心的O.J.Dahl和K.Nygard发表了第一个<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/7847.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">面向对象语言</a>Simula 67。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1969年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">贝尔实验室用汇编语言开发出第一个多任务多用户的计算机<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1295402.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">分时系统</a>Unix。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM允许客户分开购买它的软件和硬件,从而建立了软件市场。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/189646.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">美国国防部</a>开始研究<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/196838.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">ARPANET</a>,人们将此视为<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/11165.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Internet</a>的开端。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1970年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">美国贝尔实验室的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1664692.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Ken Thompson</a>和<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/035.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Dennis M.Ritchie</a>开始开发Unix操作系统。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">传输损耗仅为20分贝/公里的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/5190.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">光纤</a>和在室温下能连续工作的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/165028.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">半导体激光器</a>研制成功,光纤通信走向实用化。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1971年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Intel 开发出世界上第一个<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1125.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">微处理器</a>4004。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Niklaus Wirth 开 发出Pascal语言。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Gary Starkweather在施乐的实验室里研制出世界上第一台<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/101382.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">激光打印机</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1972年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Bell实验室的Dennis Ritchie开发出<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1219.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">C语言</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">国际电报电话咨询委员会(CCITT)首次提出ISDN的概念。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1973年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">法国Luminy-Marseilles 大学的Alain Colmerauer 开发了<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/11836197.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Prolog语言</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">马丁·库珀发明手机,成为第一个使用移动电话的人。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1974年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/189646.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">美国国防部</a>开发出TCP(<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/544903.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">传输控制协议</a>)。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Intel推出 8080微处理器,并被世界首台商业PC所采用。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Zilog公司推出处理器Z-80。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">第一台商业成功的PC牛郎星8800研制成功。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM首次提出计算机<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/981569.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">精简指令集</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Xerox推出第一台工作站样机Xerox Alto。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">在第一届计算机国际象棋冠军赛中,俄罗斯程序KAISASA获胜。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1975年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/2075.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">比尔·盖茨</a>和保罗·艾伦为牛郎星开发了世界上第一套标准的微电脑软件Basic,并创办了Microsoft公司。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Xerox和<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/13725.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">斯坦福大学</a>联合推出“<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/848.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">以太网</a>”(Ethernet)。该网络成为局域网的第一个工业标准产品。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1976年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">第一台商业成功的巨型机Cray-1 研制成功,<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/148612.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">运算速度</a>达每秒2.5亿次。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Hayes推出第一个PC<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1074.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">调制解调器</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1977年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">第一台带彩显的PC苹果II正式亮相。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">世界上第一个商用光纤通信系统在<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/497829.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">美国芝加哥</a>的两个电话局(相距7公里)之间开通。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1978年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">TCP分成TCP和IP。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1981年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">世界上第一台便携式电脑Osborne面世。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">8月12日首次以“<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/920814.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">个人计算机</a>(PC)”命名的IBM PC面世。它采用Intel的8088处理器和Microsoft的MS-DOS操作系统。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Ashton-Tate推出dBaseⅡ。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">自称Captain Zap的23岁小伙子Ian Murphy潜入白宫、<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/53438.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">五角大楼</a>和BellSouth的计算机系统。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1983年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">蜂窝移动电话通信系统投入商用。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1984年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Apple推出Apple Macintosh机。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/124777.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">域名系统</a>被创建。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">MIPS计算机系统公司创建,并与斯坦福大学着手开发<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/4483824.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">RISC体系结构</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">HP推出面向个人的激光打印机。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1985年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Intel推出386微处理器。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/41450.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Windows 1.0</a>正式版本上市。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1986年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">美国国家科学基金会创建骨干网速度为56KB/秒的NSFnet。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1987年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM和Microsoft公司发布OS/2 1.0。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">柯达推出世界上首台百万像素商业数码相机。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1988年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">11月1日,<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/372601.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">美国康奈尔大学</a>的研究生Robert Morris在ARPANET中试验计算机病毒的可行性想法时,释放了一个实验性的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1402850.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">网络蠕虫</a>程序,在8小时之内,这一程序侵入了3000台~6000台运行Unix操作系统的VAX机和Sun计算机,造成严重损失。Morris既是病毒制造者,又是Internet上的首例黑客。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">第一个横跨大西洋的海底通信光缆(TAT-8)系统敷设成功。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1989年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">美国发射了第一颗<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/68567.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">全球定位系统</a>(GPS)工作卫星。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">英国科学家Timothy Berners Lee开发出万维网。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">新加坡创新公司推出声霸卡,标志着PC多媒体时代的来临。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1990年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM发布基于RISC的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1218789.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">RS/6000</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">World Wide Web软件开发成功。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Internet搜索程序Archie在McGill大学问世。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">最早的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/2055595.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">局域网交换机</a>研制成功。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1991年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/171386.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">芬兰赫尔辛基大学</a>学生Linus Torvalds开发出<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/46577.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Linux操作系统</a>,并将它作为自由软件传播。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1992年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">3月22日Intel推出第5代芯片Pentium处理器。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1993年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Peter de Jager在《Computerworld》上发表“2000年末日”一文,对Y2K问题的危险性及解决成本提出警告。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">美国<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/19447.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">克林顿</a>政府宣布了美国<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/229431.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">国家信息基础设施</a>的规划,简称NII,俗称<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/30716.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">信息高速公路</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Microsoft正式发布Windows NT。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1994年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">美国Netscape公布用于Internet 的浏览器Navigator。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Internet进入商品化时代。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1995年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Microsoft推出32位<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/2397847.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">桌面操作系统</a>Windows 95。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Microsoft推出Internet 浏览器Internet Explorer。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IP电话初次亮相,VocalTec推出Internet Phone客户软件。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">世界上第一个商用CDMA移动通信网在香港开通。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Sun公司推出<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/229611.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">Java语言</a>。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Oracle公司总裁<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/417031.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">拉里·埃里森</a>提出网络计算机(NC)概念。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Amazon在Internet上卖出第一本书。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">一些与网络有关的公司挂牌上市。Netscape成为第三大Nasdaq IPO股票价值。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">域名登记不再免费,每年收费50美元。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1996年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">美国34所著名大学在<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/36045.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">芝加哥</a>发起研发“下一代Internet”项目。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">可改写光盘(CD-RW)技术问世。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">PDA产品Palm Pilot 1000上市。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1997年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM“深蓝”机上的国际象棋软件,第一次打败了世界国际象棋冠军 Gary Kasparov。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IETF提出IPv6标准。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/5470.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">无线局域网</a>标准<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/463385.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">IEEE 802.11</a>出台。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Yahoo和Amazon等成功上市。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">电子商务发展年,网上零售商超过了10万家。截至1997年年底,Cisco在Web网站上的网络设备销售额为30亿美元,Dell网站上每天的PC销售额达100万美元。1997年,Cisco 64亿美元的总收入的39%源于其Web网站。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1998年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">iMac苹果电脑面世。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Larry Page和Sergey Brin创建了Google,Google成为被广泛应用的Internet搜索引擎。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/60739.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">英国广播公司</a>(BBC)在世界上首先播放了数字电视节目。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">“铱星”系统开始向全世界提供个人通信商业服务。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">1月26日,Compaq以96亿美元收购DEC。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">加拿大北方电讯以91亿美元并购美国Bay。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">10月19日<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/945788.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">美国联邦法院</a>决定正式开庭审理美国司法部和20个州政府对微软所提起的反垄断诉讼。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">11月服务商American Online以42亿美元股价收购Netscape 通信公司。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">1999年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">1月14日朗讯科技宣布以240亿美元收购Ascend。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">2000年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">1月10日全球最大的Internet<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/2242684.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">接入服务商</a>America Online宣布以总交易金额超过1600亿美元的换股方式并购Time Warner。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">5月17日全球最大的网上时装零售企业、欧洲资金最雄厚的.com公司宣布倒闭。美国至少有130家Internet公司因资金枯竭而倒闭。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">美IT市场增速9年来首次放缓。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">2001年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">4月24日IBM公司宣布以10亿美元现金收购Informix的数据库业务。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">5月29日Intel第一款<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/838140.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">64位处理器</a>芯片Itanium正式发布。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">8月28日Microsoft发布第一个64位Windows操作系统Windows Advanced Server限制版。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">9月4日,HP宣布将以250亿美元的股票交易价格收购Compaq。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">9月NTT DoCoMo在全球率先启动3G服务。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">10月25日Microsoft发布Windows XP。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">12月NTT公司宣布将与Intel、SGI公司联合进行<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/9.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">网格计算</a>试验。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">2002年</span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">5月<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/203586.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">IEEE 802.3</a><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/848.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">以太网</a>标准组织批准了<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/1140724.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">万兆以太网</a>标准的最后草案。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM公司宣布投资10亿美元支持Linux。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IDC表示,-2.3%的增长率使2002年成为IT产业有史以来最差的一年。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">IBM宣布将投入100亿美元用于<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/50710.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">按需计算</a>(On Demand)。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Nasdaq指数跌至6年前.com兴起前的水平。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"></span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">3月SCO以“不当利用本公司拥有知识产权的Linux操作系统”为由起诉IBM。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">3月12日Intel公司在全球同步发布其最新一代移动计算技术Centrino(迅驰)。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">AMD推出分别面向桌面与移动计算平台的AMD Athlon 64位微处理器。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">Apple推出在线音乐服务,开张后的第一周内就以每首歌99美分的价格销售了100万首。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"></span></div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">1月14日RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)标准组织EPCgloba称确定了第一个全球性标准,以加速各公司采用<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/637068.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">RFID技术</a>改进其供应链的运作。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">4月2日,美国Sun公司宣布与<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/39784.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">微软公司</a>达成一项为期十年的合作协议,了结了一切未决诉讼。根据协议,微软将向Sun支付7亿美元以解决所有未决反垄断问题,另外支付9亿美元解决所有专利问题。</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;">6月28日Intel推出基于32/64位<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/view/102947.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">至强</a>处理器的新平台系统。</div>(3)企业需求</div><div class="para" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; zoom: 1;"><pre id="best-content-99308857" class="best-text mb-10" name="code" style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-family: arial, 'courier new', courier, 宋体, monospace, 'Microsoft YaHei'; background-color: rgb(243, 255, 236);">中小企业对网络的需求,粗略分为3种:1.依赖型,例如依赖<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLPAFBPWcvPWIbmHb3rjfv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtzrjnvPjndn0" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">阿里巴巴</a>、淘宝及其他B2B、<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=B2C&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLPAFBPWcvPWIbmHb3rjfv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtzrjnvPjndn0" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">B2C</a>门户,或自己的网站做生意。<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%90%A5%E9%94%80&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLPAFBPWcvPWIbmHb3rjfv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtzrjnvPjndn0" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">网络营销</a>能力的提升,对他们是关键的,因此很愿意接受与投入。2.可有可无型,从网络来的业务比重很小,这些企业的网站主要是作为一个门脸,以被查找到和向客户传递初步信息为目标,企业经营层不太重视。3.暂时不需要型,认为连网络门脸也暂时不需要的。在庞大的中小企业基数里,“依赖型”比重很小,“可有可无型”比重很大,企业上网服务商如果能提高后者的客户接触效率和转化率,发展空间很大。可有可无型企业,通常认为网络是以后的事,对当前业绩不重要。原因很简单,就是其潜在客户群尚未养成网络商业习惯,无论你的网站怎么好,能够影响到的客户是十分有限的,许多网络服务者试图<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLPAFBPWcvPWIbmHb3rjfv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtzrjnvPjndn0" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">直接流量</a>利益来打动这些企业,很可能会搔不到痒处。何田以为,这里的核心问题是“规模匹配”。<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%8F%E8%90%A5%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1YLPAFBPWcvPWIbmHb3rjfv0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtzrjnvPjndn0" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">企业经营规模</a>可以从利润和成本两个角度考虑,某项潜在的战略收益,如果预期规模高于其常规利润或成本总量的一定比例,例如10%,又有发展性,企业就有可能产生兴趣。过小规模的收益,企业的当前重视必然是有限的,除非是战略上的考虑。企业所采取的传统宣传模式,虽然成本高、效率低,但总量足够,可控性好,对于企业生存是必要的。而网络能够带来的客户,可能还不够填牙缝的,得来再轻松,也不容易受到重视。举个例子,狮子每天跑来跑去找吃的,多累呀,可是他对脚边的一只青蛙,可能懒得吃。明白了“规模匹配”这个原理,对我们提高可有可无型企业的接触效率和转化率是很有帮助的。例如:1. 集中资源于“规模匹配”企业,即网络收益预期规模相对其现有经营规模来说具有较高比重的企业,这些容易发展成依赖型客户。事先判断网络利益可能占客户经营规模的比重,将80%精力用到这些客户身上,而不要在规模不匹配的企业身上下太多功夫。2. 寻找“规模匹配”业务,从企业内细分出某些业务或成本单元,其网络收益预期规模具有“规模匹配”特征,从这些业务或成本单元下手。当你在企业某个局部获得利益贡献上的显著性,你就能获得较好的机会。3. 对于规模确实不匹配的客户,避免从直接经济收益角度来谈,改谈非经济角度,例如企业形象、引擎圈地(全面抢占引擎位置,具有预防公关风险、为未来的网络业务储备引擎信任度资源等价值,我将另文讨论)
(4)未来互联网发展方向
我们能期待在未来或者更久的时间里,网络会给我们带来什么呢? NatC就针对这周的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">民意调查</a>发表评论,认为未来里,网络最大的影响力将不必非通过电脑屏幕来表现,“你在网络中的活动将包括你的存在,旅行,商品购买或者其他行为“,当然,很多的交叉趋势也将出现在以下的10个(或者更多)网络发展趋势中,同时还将有一些非常流行的网络技术是我们现在所无法预测的。综合所有的因素考量,未来,将有10大网络趋势出现。1.语义网Sir <a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=Tim&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">Tim</a> <a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=Berners-Lee&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">Berners-Lee</a>(Web创始者)关于语义网的观点成为人们的重要关注已经很长一段时间了。事实上,它已经象大白鲸一样神乎其神了。总之,语义网关涉到机器之间的对话,它使得网络更加智能化,或者象<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=Berners-Lee&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">Berners-Lee</a>描述的那样,计算机“在网络中分析所有的数据—内容,链接以及人机之间的交易处理”。在另一个时候,<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=Berners-Lee&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">Berners-Lee</a>把它描述为“为<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">数据设计</a>的似网程序”,如对信息再利用的设计。就象Alex在<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E3%80%8A%E9%80%9A%E5%BE%80%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%BD%91%E3%80%8B&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">《通往语义网》</a>中写道,语义网的核心是创建可以处理事物意义的元数据来描述数据,一旦电脑装备上语义网,它将能解决复杂的语义优化问题。因此,什么时候语义网时代才会到来呢?创建语义网的组件已经出现:RDF,OWL,这些微格式只是众多组件之一.但是,Alex在他文章中指出,将需要一些时间来诠释世界的信息,然后再以某种合适的方式来捕获个人信息。一些公司,如Hakia,Powerset以及Alex自己的adaptive blue都正在积极的实现语义网,因此,未来我们将变得关系更亲密,但是我们还得等上好些年,才能看到语义网的设想实现。2.人工智能人工智能可能会是计算机历史中的一个终极目标。从1950年,<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">阿兰图灵</a>提出的测试机器如人机对话能力的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">图灵测试</a>开始,人工智能就成为计算机科学家们的梦想,在接下来的网络发展中,人工智能使得机器更加智能化。在这个意义上来看,这和语义网在某些方面有些相同。我们已经开始在一些网站应用一些低级形态人工智能。已经开始用Mechanical Turk(注:一种人工辅助搜索技术)来介绍人工智能,以及它的任务管理服务。它能使电脑程序调整人工智能的应用来完成以前电脑无法完成的任务。自从11月创建以来,Mechanical Turk已经逐渐有了一些追随者,有一个“Turker”聚集的论坛叫Turker国度,看起来已经有相当部分的人光顾这里。但是,在我们1月份对它进行报道的时候,它看起来当时的用户并没有刚刚建立起来时候那么多。尽管如此,人工智能还是赋予了网络很多的承诺。人工智能技术现在正被用于一些象Hakia,Powerset 这样的“<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A22.0&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">搜索2.0</a>”公司。Numenta是Tech legend公司的Jeff Hawkins(掌上型电脑发明者)创立的一个让人兴奋的公司,它试图用<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">神经网络</a>和细胞自动机建立一个新的脑样计算范例。这意味着Numenta正试图用电脑来解决一些对我们来说很容易的问题,比如识别人脸,或者感受音乐中的式样。由于电脑的计算速度远远超过人类,我们希望新的疆界将被打破,使我们能够解决一些以前无法解决的问题.3 .虚拟世界作为将来的<a target=_blank target="_blank" href="/s?wd=%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3m1PbujmduW6LrjKBPHnd0AP8IA3qPjfsn1bkrjKxmLKz0ZNzUjdCIZwsrBtEXh9GuA7EQhF9pywdQhPEUiqkIyN1IA-EUBtkPW64nW61P1D3n1ckrHfzPH03" class="baidu-highlight" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(45, 100, 179);">网络系统</a>,第二生命(second life)得到了很多主流媒体的关注。但在最近一次Sean AmmiratiI参加的超新星小组(Supernova panel)会议中,讨论了一些涉及许多其他虚拟世界的机会。下列图形是一个很好的概括: 以韩国为例,随着“青年一代“的成长和基础设施(网络)建设,未来,虚拟世界将会成为全世界范围内一个有活力的市场。它不仅涉及数字生活,也使得我们的现实生活更加数字化。Alex 说,一方面,我们已经在迅速发展第二生命及其他虚拟世界。另一方面,我们已开始通过技术用数字信息诠释地球,如GOOGLE Earth。4 .移动移动网络是未来另一个发展前景巨大的网络应用。它已经在亚洲和欧洲的部分城市发展迅猛。今年推出的苹果iphone是美国市场移动网络的一个标志事件。这仅仅是个开始。在未来的的时间将有更多的定位感知服务可通过移动设备来实现,例如当你逛当地商场时候,会收到很多你定制的购物优惠信息,或者当你在驾驶车的时候,收到地图信息,或者你周五晚上跟朋友在一起的时候收到玩乐信息。我们也期待大型的互联网公司如,YAHOO,GOOGLE成为主要的移动门户网站,还有移动电话运营商。