场景

在Java代码中调用mysqldump命令实现对指定的mysql数据库和指定的表导出为sql文件。

并将sql文件进行压缩成zip存储备份。

mysqldump 简介

mysqldump 是 MySQL 自带的逻辑备份工具。

它的备份原理是通过协议连接到 MySQL 数据库，将需要备份的数据查询出来，将查询出的数据转换成对应的insert 语句，当我们需要还原这些数据时，只要执行这些 insert 语句，即可将对应的数据还原。

要想使用我们需要找到mysql安装目录下的bin下的mysqldump.exe

因为没有将其添加到环境变量中，所以需要找到其所在的全路径。

注：

博客：

/badao_liumang_qizhi

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实现

首先需要声明一些执行mysqldump的变量

private static String hostIP = "127.0.0.1";private static String userName = "root";private static String password = "123456";//sql文件存储的路径private static String savePath = "D:/bak";//sql文件存储名private static String fileName = "badaoBak"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(new Date())+".sql";//数据库名private static String databaseName = "test";private static final int BUFFER = 8192;//zip压缩包存储路径private static String zipPath = "D:/bak/badao.zip";

然后新建方法用语执行sql的导出

/*** 执行数据备份* @return*/public static String dataBakExec(){String sqlFilePath = "";File saveFile = new File(savePath);// 如果目录不存在if (!saveFile.exists()) {// 创建文件夹saveFile.mkdirs();}if(!savePath.endsWith(File.separator)){savePath = savePath + File.separator;}PrintWriter printWriter = null;BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;try {printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName), "utf8"));sqlFilePath= savePath + fileName;//导出指定数据库指定表的结构和数据Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book ");//导出指定数据库指定表的结构//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName + " book -d");//导出指定数据库指定表符合条件的结构和数据//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "+" --where=\" price> 100" + "\" ");InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8");bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);String line;while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){printWriter.println(line);}printWriter.flush();//0 表示线程正常终止。if(process.waitFor() == 0){System.out.println("备份数据成功");}}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (bufferedReader != null) {bufferedReader.close();}if (printWriter != null) {printWriter.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return sqlFilePath;}

注意把这里的mysqldump的路径改为自己的路径。

执行的命令如果不加具体的数据库则导出所有的表，数据库后面加表明则是导出具体的表。

并且还可以选择导出表的结构和数据以及符合要求的表数据。

具体自行搜索musqldump命令。

备份sql效果

sql备份成功后将其路径返回，然后再新建一个生成zip压缩包的方法

/*** 压缩sql文件为zip* @param filePath sql文件路径* @param zipPath 要生成的zip压缩包路径*/public static void zipFile(String filePath,String zipPath) {ZipOutputStream out = null;try {out = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(zipPath));} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}//得到文件列表信息File file = new File(filePath);// 压缩zip包try {if (!file.exists()) {return;}BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));try {ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(file.getName());out.putNextEntry(entry);int count;byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER];while ((count = bis.read(data, 0, BUFFER)) != -1) {out.write(data, 0, count);}} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {out.closeEntry();bis.close();}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {out.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}System.out.println("生成zip成功");}

然后完整的main方法示例代码

package com.badao.mysqlbak;import java.io.*;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Date;import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;public class MysqlBakMain {private static String hostIP = "127.0.0.1";private static String userName = "root";private static String password = "123456";//sql文件存储的路径private static String savePath = "D:/bak";//sql文件存储名private static String fileName = "badaoBak"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(new Date())+".sql";//数据库名private static String databaseName = "test";private static final int BUFFER = 8192;//zip压缩包存储路径private static String zipPath = "D:/bak/badao.zip";public static void main(String[] args) {String sqlFilePath = dataBakExec();System.out.println("备份的sql文件保存路径为:"+sqlFilePath);zipFile(sqlFilePath,zipPath);}/*** 执行数据备份* @return*/public static String dataBakExec(){String sqlFilePath = "";File saveFile = new File(savePath);// 如果目录不存在if (!saveFile.exists()) {// 创建文件夹saveFile.mkdirs();}if(!savePath.endsWith(File.separator)){savePath = savePath + File.separator;}PrintWriter printWriter = null;BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;try {printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName), "utf8"));sqlFilePath= savePath + fileName;//导出指定数据库指定表的结构和数据Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book ");//导出指定数据库指定表的结构//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName + " book -d");//导出指定数据库指定表符合条件的结构和数据//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "+" --where=\" price> 100" + "\" ");InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8");bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);String line;while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){printWriter.println(line);}printWriter.flush();//0 表示线程正常终止。if(process.waitFor() == 0){System.out.println("备份数据成功");}}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (bufferedReader != null) {bufferedReader.close();}if (printWriter != null) {printWriter.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return sqlFilePath;}/*** 压缩sql文件为zip* @param filePath sql文件路径* @param zipPath 要生成的zip压缩包路径*/public static void zipFile(String filePath,String zipPath) {ZipOutputStream out = null;try {out = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(zipPath));} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}//得到文件列表信息File file = new File(filePath);// 压缩zip包try {if (!file.exists()) {return;}BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));try {ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(file.getName());out.putNextEntry(entry);int count;byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER];while ((count = bis.read(data, 0, BUFFER)) != -1) {out.write(data, 0, count);}} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {out.closeEntry();bis.close();}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {out.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}System.out.println("生成zip成功");}}

运行效果